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We investigate the state complexity of the permutation operation, or the commutative closure, on Alphabetical Pattern Constraints (APC). This class corresponds to level $3/2$ of the Straubing-Th{\'e}rien Hierarchy and includes the finite,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Stefan Hoffmann

The state complexity of a regular language is the number of states in the minimal deterministic automaton accepting the language. The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-19 Janusz Brzozowski , Yuli Ye

In a simple pattern matching problem one has a pattern $w$ and a text $t$, which are words over a finite alphabet $\Sigma$. One may ask whether $w$ occurs in $t$, and if so, where? More generally, we may have a set $P$ of patterns and a set…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Janusz A. Brzozowski , Sylvie Davies , Abhishek Madan

A language L is prefix-free if, whenever words u and v are in L and u is a prefix of v, then u=v. Suffix-, factor-, and subword-free languages are defined similarly, where "subword" means "subsequence". A language is bifix-free if it is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-05-13 Janusz Brzozowski , Galina Jirásková , Baiyu Li , Joshua Smith

We investigate the state complexity of the upward and downward closure and interior operations on commutative regular languages. Then, we systematically study the state complexity of these operations and of the shuffle operation on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Stefan Hoffmann

This paper studies the complexity of operations on finite automata and the complexity of their decision problems when the alphabet is unary. Let $n$ denote the maximum of the number of states of the input finite automata considered in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Wojciech Czerwiński , Maciej Dębski , Tomasz Gogasz , Gordon Hoi , Sanjay Jain , Michał Skrzypczak , Frank Stephan , Christopher Tan

We prove that, for any arbitrary finite alphabet and for the uniform distribution over deterministic and accessible automata with n states, the average complexity of Moore's state minimization algorithm is in O(n log n). Moreover this bound…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-02-09 Frédérique Bassino , Julien David , Cyril Nicaud

We study the complexity of basic regular operations on languages represented by incomplete deterministic or nondeterministic automata, in which all states are final. Such languages are known to be prefix-closed. We get tight bounds on both…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Kristína Čevorová , Galina Jirásková , Peter Mlynárčik , Matúš Palmovský , Juraj Šebej

The state complexity of a regular language is the number of states in a minimal deterministic finite automaton accepting the language. The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Janusz A. Brzozowski , Marek Szykuła , Yuli Ye

We consider the complexities of substitutive sequences over a binary alphabet. By studying various types of special words, we show that, knowing some initial values, its complexity can be completely formulated via a recurrence formula…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-16 Bo Tan , Zhi-Xiong Wen , Yiping Zhang

We resolve an open question by determining matching (asymptotic) upper and lower bounds on the state complexity of the operation that sends a language L to (c(L*))*, where c() denotes complement.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-27 Galina Jiraskova , Jeffrey Shallit

We investigate the accepting state complexity of deterministic finite automata for regular languages obtained by applying one of the following operations to languages accepted by permutation automata: union, quotient, complement,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Christian Rauch , Markus Holzer

This paper deals with the size complexity of minimal {\it two-way quantum finite automata} (2qfa's) necessary for operations to perform on all inputs of each fixed length. Such a complexity measure, known as state complexity of operations,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-07-04 Daowen Qiu

We investigate the state complexity of the shuffle operation on regular languages initiated by Campeanu et al. and studied subsequently by Brzozowski et al. We shift the problem into the combinatorics domain by turning the problem of state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Pascal Caron , Jean-Gabriel Luque , Bruno Patrou

In this paper we define a new descriptional complexity measure for Deterministic Finite Automata, BC-complexity, as an alternative to the state complexity. We prove that for two DFAs with the same number of states BC-complexity can differ…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Maris Valdats

We compute the exact maximum state complexity for the language consisting of $m$ words of length $N$, and characterize languages achieving the maximum. We also consider a special case, namely languages $C(w)$ consisting of the conjugates of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Daniel Gabric , Štěpán Holub , Jeffrey Shallit

A right ideal is a language L over an alphabet A that satisfies L = LA*. We show that there exists a stream (sequence) (R_n : n \ge 3) of regular right ideal languages, where R_n has n left quotients and is most complex under the following…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-11-19 Janusz Brzozowski , Gareth Davies

Hybrid logic with binders is an expressive specification language. Its satisfiability problem is undecidable in general. If frames are restricted to N or general linear orders, then satisfiability is known to be decidable, but of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-06-13 Stefan Göller , Arne Meier , Martin Mundhenk , Thomas Schneider , Michael Thomas , Felix Weiss

A language $L$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$ is suffix-convex if, for any words $x,y,z\in\Sigma^*$, whenever $z$ and $xyz$ are in $L$, then so is $yz$. Suffix-convex languages include three special cases: left-ideal, suffix-closed, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-05 Janusz Brzozowski , Corwin Sinnamom

In this note, we give a construction that provides a tight lower bound of mn-1 for the length of the shortest word in the intersection of two regular languages with state complexities m and n.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-10-09 Thomas Ang , Jeffrey Shallit