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In program synthesis there is a well-known trade-off between concise and strong specifications: if a specification is too verbose, it might be harder to write than the program; if it is too weak, the synthesised program might not match the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Andreea Costea , Amy Zhu , Nadia Polikarpova , Ilya Sergey

As IC design grows more complex, automating comprehension and documentation of RTL code has become increasingly important. Engineers currently should manually interpret existing RTL code and write specifications, a slow and error-prone…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hung-Ming Huang , Yu-Hsin Yang , Fu-Chieh Chang , Yun-Chia Hsu , Yin-Yu Lin , Ming-Fang Tsai , Chun-Chih Yang , Pei-Yuan Wu

Specification synthesis, the task of automatically inferring formal specifications from program implementations and natural language, is important for refactoring, transpilation, optimization, and verification, yet remains an open challenge…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tarun Suresh , David Korczynski , Julien Vanegue

Formal specification techniques allow expressing idealized specifications, which abstract from restrictions that may arise in implementations. However, partial implementations are universal in software development due to practical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Emil Sekerinski , Tian Zhang

Automatically generating formal specifications including loop invariants, preconditions, and postconditions for legacy code is critical for program understanding, reuse and verification. However, the inherent complexity of control and data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Fanpeng Yang , Xu Ma , Shuling Wang , Xiong Xu , Qinxiang Cao , Naijun Zhan , Xiaofeng Li , Bin Gu

The control synthesis of a dynamic system subject to a signal temporal logic (STL) specification is commonly formulated as a mixed-integer linear/convex programming (MILP/MICP) problem. Solving such a problem is computationally expensive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-18 Zengjie Zhang , Sofie Haesaert

Formal specifications play a central role in ensuring software reliability and correctness. However, automatically synthesizing high-quality formal specifications remains a challenging task, often requiring domain expertise. Recent work has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Md Rakib Hossain Misu , Iris Ma , Cristina V. Lopes

Formal program specifications play a crucial role in various stages of software development. However, manually crafting formal program specifications is rather difficult, making the job time-consuming and labor-intensive. It is even more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Lezhi Ma , Shangqing Liu , Yi Li , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Bu

As more and more monitoring systems have been deployed to smart cities, there comes a higher demand for converting new human-specified requirements to machine-understandable formal specifications automatically. However, these human-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Zirong Chen , Isaac Li , Haoxiang Zhang , Sarah Preum , John Stankovic , Meiyi Ma

The multiplicity of software projects' stakeholders and activities leads to the multiplicity of software specification views and thus creates the need to establish mutual consistency between them. The process of establishing such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Alexandr Naumchev

A challenging problem for autonomous systems is to synthesize a reactive controller that conforms to a set of given correctness properties. Linear temporal logic (LTL) provides a formal language to specify the desired behavioral properties…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Rayna Dimitrova , Mahsa Ghasemi , Ufuk Topcu

Formal software specification is known to enable early error detection and explicit invariants, yet it has seen limited industrial adoption due to its high notation overhead and the expertise required to use traditional formal languages.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Antonio Abu Nassar , Eitan Farchi

Program synthesis is the generation of a program from a specification. Correct synthesis is difficult, and methods that provide formal guarantees suffer from scalability issues. On the other hand, neural networks are able to generate…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Elizabeth Polgreen , Ralph Abboud , Daniel Kroening

Our research concerns generating imperative programs from Answer Set Programming Specifications. ASP is highly declarative and is ideal for writing specifications. Further with negation-as-failure it is easy to succinctly represent…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Sarat Chandra Varanasi

Modern software systems are often equipped with hundreds to thousands of configuration options, many of which greatly affect performance. Unfortunately, properly setting these configurations is challenging for developers due to the complex…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-23 Shu Wang , Chi Li , William Sentosa , Henry Hoffmann , Shan Lu

Program synthesis is the task of automatically generating expressions that satisfy a given specification. Program synthesis techniques have been used to automate the generation of loop invariants in code, synthesize function summaries, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Elizabeth Polgreen , Sanjit A. Seshia

Specifying and implementing flexible human-computer dialogs, such as those used in kiosks and smart phone apps, is challenging because of the numerous and varied directions in which each user might steer a dialog. The objective of this…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-12-22 Saverio Perugini

Specifying the intended behaviour of autonomous systems is becoming increasingly important but is fraught with many challenges. This technical report provides an overview of existing work on specifications of autonomous systems and places a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Andrew Sogokon , Burak Yuksek , Gokhan Inalhan , Neeraj Suri

We present the Temporal Logic Synthesis Format (TLSF), a high-level format to describe synthesis problems via Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The format builds upon standard LTL, but additionally allows to use high-level constructs, such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Swen Jacobs , Felix Klein , Sebastian Schirmer

Reactive synthesis is a paradigm for automatically building correct-by-construction systems that interact with an unknown or adversarial environment. We study how to do reactive synthesis when part of the specification of the system is that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia