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We consider the problem of estimating the probability of an observed string drawn i.i.d. from an unknown distribution. The key feature of our study is that the length of the observed string is assumed to be of the same order as the size of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Aaron B. Wagner , Pramod Viswanath , Sanjeev R. Kulkarni

Tasks that model the relation between pairs of tokens in a string are a vital part of understanding natural language. Such tasks, in general, require exhaustive pair-wise comparisons of tokens, thus having a quadratic runtime complexity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tianyu Liu , Afra Amini , Mrinmaya Sachan , Ryan Cotterell

In the area of pattern avoidability the central role is played by special words called Zimin patterns. The symbols of these patterns are treated as variables and the rank of the pattern is its number of variables. Zimin type of a word $x$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Wojciech Rytter , Arseny M. Shur

Consider a finite set of sources, each producing i.i.d. observations that follow a unique probability distribution on a finite alphabet. We study the problem of matching a finite set of observed sequences to the set of sources under the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan

We study the problem of indexing text with wildcard positions, motivated by the challenge of aligning sequencing data to large genomes that contain millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)---positions known to differ between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-28 Chris Thachuk

With the advent of large-scale heterogeneous search engines comes the problem of unified search control resulting in mismatches that could have otherwise avoided. A mechanism is needed to determine exact patterns in web mining and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Nazim Uddin Sheikh , Hasina Rahman , Hamid Al-Qahtani

Cartesian tree pattern matching consists of finding all the factors of a text that have the same Cartesian tree than a given pattern. There already exist theoretical and practical solutions for the exact case. In this paper, we propose the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Bastien Auvray , Julien David , Richard Groult , Thierry Lecroq

In this work, we tackle a natural variation of the String Matching Problem on the case of a dynamic pattern, that is, given a static text $T$ and a pattern $P$, we want to support character additions and deletions to the pattern, and after…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Bruno Monteiro , Vinicius dos Santos

Given a string $S$, the \emph{compressed indexing problem} is to preprocess $S$ into a compressed representation that supports fast \emph{substring queries}. The goal is to use little space relative to the compressed size of $S$ while…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-10 Philip Bille , Mikko Berggren Ettienne , Inge Li Gørtz , Hjalte Wedel Vildhøj

Pattern matching queries on strings can be solved in linear time by Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) algorithm. In 1973, Weiner introduced the suffix tree of a string [FOCS 1973] and showed that the seemingly more difficult problem of computing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Nicola Cotumaccio

We consider a natural generalization of the classical pattern matching problem: given compressed representations of a pattern p[1..M] and a text t[1..N] of sizes m and n, respectively, does p occur in t? We develop an optimal linear time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-09-20 Pawel Gawrychowski

We study the fundamental question of how efficiently suffix array entries can be accessed when the array cannot be stored explicitly. The suffix array $SA_T[1..n]$ of a text $T$ of length $n$ encodes the lexicographic order of its suffixes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

Word embeddings predict a word from its neighbours by learning small, dense embedding vectors. In practice, this prediction corresponds to a semantic score given to the predicted word (or term weight). We present a novel model that, given a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Casper Hansen , Christian Hansen , Stephen Alstrup , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christina Lioma

This paper shows the weighted matching problem on general graphs can be solved in time $O(n(m + n\log n))$ for $n$ and $m$ the number of vertices and edges, respectively. This was previously known only for bipartite graphs. The crux is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Harold N. Gabow

The dictionary matching problem is to locate occurrences of any pattern among a set of patterns in a given text. Massive data sets abound and at the same time, there are many settings in which working space is extremely limited. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-29 Shoshana Marcus Dina Sokol

An LZ-like factorization of a string divides it into factors, each being either a single character or a copy of a preceding substring. While grammar-based compression schemes support efficient random access with space linear in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hiroki Shibata , Yuto Nakashima , Yutaro Yamaguchi , Shunsuke Inenaga

We present a new on-line algorithm for computing the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a string that runs in $O(N\log N)$ time and uses only $O(N\log\sigma)$ bits of working space, where $N$ is the length of the string and $\sigma$ is the size of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Jun'ichi Yamamoto , Tomohiro I , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

Several popular language models represent local contexts in an input text $x$ as bags of words. Such representations are naturally encoded by a sequence graph whose vertices are the distinct words occurring in $x$, with edges representing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Sammy Khalife , Yann Ponty , Laurent Bulteau

We study the shared processor scheduling problem with a single shared processor where a unit time saving (weight) obtained by processing a job on the shared processor depends on the job. A polynomial-time optimization algorithm has been…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Dariusz Dereniowski , Wieslaw Kubiak

A recently discovered universal rank-based matrix method to extract trends from noisy time series is described in [1] but the formula for the output matrix elements, implemented there as an open-access supplement MATLAB computer code, is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-06-24 D. J. Kestner , G. R. Ierley , A. B. Kostinski