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Photon rings near the edge of a black hole shadow is supposed to be a unique tool to validate general relativity and provide reliable measurements of principal black hole parameters: spin and mass. Such measurements are possible though only…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 A. Andrianov , S. Chernov , I. Girin , S. Likhachev , A. Lyakhovets , Yu. Shchekinov

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-31 Dhanya G. Nair , Neil M. Nagar , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Maciek Wielgus , Vicente Arratia , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Xinyue A. Zhang , Angelo Ricarte , Silpa S. , Joaquín Hernández-Yévenes , Nicole M. Ford , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , Mark Gurwell , Roman Burridge , Dominic W. Pesce , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Jae-Young Kim , Daewon Kim , Michael Janssen , Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg , Christian M. Fromm , Deokhyeong Lee , Heino Falcke , Jan Wagner , Geoffrey C. Bower , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , Dong-Jin Kim , Kazunori Akiyama , Keiichi Asada , Patricia Arevalo , Hayley Bignall , Lindy Blackburn , Avery E. Broderick , Andreas Brunthaler , Chi-kwan Chan , Akihiro Doi , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , José L. Gómez , Daryl Haggard , Kazuhiro Hada , Rodrigo Herrera-Camus , Daniel Hoak , David Hughes , Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo , Svetlana Jorstad , Michael D. Johnson , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Preeti Kharb , Jun Yi Koay , Shoko Koyama , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Nathan W. C. Leigh , Paulina Lira , Michael Lindqvist , Andrei P. Lobanov , Wen-Ping Lo , Ru-Sen Lu , Sera Markoff , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Mary Loli Martínez-Aldama , Lynn D. Matthews , Satoki Matsushita , Mar Mezcua , Monika Moscibrodzka , Hendrik Müller , Hiroshi Nagai , Masanori Nakamura , Priyamvada Natarajan , Gopal Narayanan , Michael A. Nowak , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Jongho Park , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Oliver Porth , Ramprasad Rao , Cormac Reynolds , Rodrigo Reeves , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Dominik Schleicher , Tuomas Savolainen , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Ezequiel Treister , Kaj Wiik , J. Anton Zensus

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has successfully revealed the shadow of the supermassive black hole, M87*, with an unprecedented angular resolution of approximately 20 uas at 230 GHz. However, because of limited short baseline lengths,…

The study of astrophysical phenomena like black hole shadows is an effective approach to properly understand the modified gravity and explore its validity. Motivated by recent astrophysical observations, we consider a black hole (BH) in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-20 Khadije Jafarzade , Zeynab Bazyar , Mubasher Jamil

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of the supermassive black hole M87* depict an asymmetric ring of emission. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of M87* and its accretion disk predict that the amplitude and location…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-03 Vadim Bernshteyn , Nicholas S. Conroy , Michi Bauböck , Paul Tiede , Abhishek V. Joshi , Ben S. Prather , Charles F. Gammie , the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration , : , Kazunori Akiyama , Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , John Barrett , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Raymond Blundell , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Michael Bremer , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Sandra Bustamante , Douglas F. Carlos , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Dominic O. Chang , Koushik Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Paul Chichura , Ilje Cho , John E. Conway , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Brandon Curd , Rohan Dahale , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jason Dexter , Vedant Dhruv , Indu K. Dihingia , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Sergio A. Dzib , Razieh Emami , Heino Falcke , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Marianna Foschi , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Ciriaco Goddi , Roman Gold , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , José L. Gómez , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Adam C. Jones , Taehyun Jung , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Prashant Kocherlakota , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Joana A. Kramer , Michael Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Noemi La Bella , Deokhyeong Lee , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Shaoliang Li , Zhiyuan Li , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Michael Lindqvist , Mikhail Lisakov , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin J. Lonsdale , Amy E. Lowitz , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Hugo Messias , Izumi Mizuno , Yosuke Mizuno , Joshua Montgomery , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Wanga Mulaudzi , Cornelia Müller , Hendrik Müller , Alejandro Mus , Gibwa Musoke , Ioannis Myserlis , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Dhanya G. Nair , Masanori Nakamura , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Antonios Nathanail , Santiago Navarro Fuentes , Joey Neilsen , Chunchong Ni , Michael A. Nowak , Hiroki Okino , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Feryal Özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Georgios Filippos Paraschos , Jongho Park , Harriet Parsons , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Piétu , Alexander Plavin , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Giacomo Principe , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Alexandra Rahlin , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Luciano Rezzolla , Angelo Ricarte , Luca Ricci , Bart Ripperda , Jan Röder , Freek Roelofs , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Ignacio Ruiz , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , León D. S. Salas , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Argüelles , Miguel Sánchez-Portal , Mahito Sasada , Kaushik Satapathy , Saurabh , Tuomas Savolainen , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Zhiqiang Shen , Sasikumar Silpa , Randall Smith , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , Kamal Souccar , Joshua S. Stanway , He Sun , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Teresa Toscano , Efthalia Traianou , Sascha Trippe , Matthew Turk , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg , Jesse Vos , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jasmin E. Washington , Jonathan Weintroub , Maciek Wielgus , Kaj Wiik , Michael F. Wondrak , George N. Wong , Jompoj Wongphexhauxsorn , Qingwen Wu , Paul Yamaguchi , Aristomenis Yfantis , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ziri Younsi , Wei Yu , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , Ai-Ling Zeng , J. Anton Zensus , Shuo Zhang , Guang-Yao Zhao

The Event Horizon Telescope has produced resolved images of the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87*, which present the largest shadows on the sky. In the next decade, technological improvements and extensions to the array will enable…

We study low angular momentum, advective accretion flows around a Kerr black hole within the framework of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) in the steady state. By solving the full set of GRMHD equations, we aim to provide a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-07 Gargi Sen , Debaprasad Maity , Santabrata Das

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has significantly advanced our ability to study black holes, achieving unprecedented spatial resolution and revealing horizon-scale structures. Notably, these observations feature a distinctive dark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-22 Yifan Chen , Ran Ding , Yuxin Liu , Yosuke Mizuno , Jing Shu , Haiyue Yu , Yanjie Zeng

While supermassive black hole masses have been cataloged across cosmic time, only a few dozen of them have robust spin measurements. By extending and improving the existing Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array, the next-generation Event…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-09 Angelo Ricarte , Paul Tiede , Razieh Emami , Aditya Tamar , Priyamvada Natarajan

The images of supermassive black holes captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration have allowed us to have access to the physical processes that occur in the vicinity of the event horizons of these objects. This has enabled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-14 Gaston Giribet , Emilio Rubin de Celis , Pedro Schmied

Astrophysical black holes appear well-represented by the Kerr metric, but this metric has the philosophical problem of a ring-like curvature singularity. We show that a phenomenological correction to the Kerr metric known as the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 Nikola Bukowiecka , Angelo Ricarte , Prashant Kocherlakota , Cora Prather

The super massive black hole candidate, Sagittarius A*, exhibits variability from radio to X-ray wavelengths on time scales that correspond to < 10 Schwarzschild radii. We survey the potential of millimeter-wavelength VLBI to detect and…

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration's image of the compact object at the galactic center is the first direct evidence of the supermassive black hole (BH) Sgr A$^*$. The shadow of Sgr A$^*$ has an angular diameter $d_{sh}= 48.7…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-24 Misba Afrin , Sunny Vagnozzi , Sushant G. Ghosh

Imaging algorithms form powerful analysis tools for VLBI data analysis. However, these tools cannot measure certain image features (e.g., ring diameter) by their non-parametric nature. This is unfortunate since these image features are…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-12 Paul Tiede , Avery E. Broderick , Daniel C. M. Palumbo

In the vicinity of black holes, the influence of strong gravity, plasma physics, and emission processes govern the behavior of the system. Since observations such as those carried out by the EHT are not yet able to unambiguously constrain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-22 Jan Röder , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Christian M. Fromm , Yosuke Mizuno , Ziri Younsi , Luciano Rezzolla

Direct electromagnetic observation of the orbital motion of a sub-parsec, supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) would provide the first conclusive proof of such systems existing. Widely considered to be the sources of gravitational waves,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-13 B. Hudson , L. I. Gurvits , E. Mooij , A. Ricarte , D. Palumbo

Hawking's black hole area theorem can be tested by monitoring the evolution of a single black hole over time. Using current imaging observations of two supermassive black holes M87* and Sgr A* from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), we find…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-15 Deng Wang

High-resolution, multi-wavelength, and time-domain observations of the Galactic centre black hole candidate, Sgr A*, allow for a direct test of contemporary accretion theory. To date, all models have assumed alignment between the accretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Jason Dexter , P. Chris Fragile

The image of the emission surrounding the black hole in the center of the Milky Way is predicted to exhibit the imprint of general relativistic (GR) effects, including the existence of a shadow feature and a photon ring of diameter ~50…

Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are among the key targets for future space-based gravitational wave detectors. The gravitational waveforms emitted by EMRIs are highly sensitive to the orbital dynamics of the small compact object, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-08 Soroush Zare , Tao Zhu , Luis M. Nieto , Shuo Lu , Hassan Hassanabadi