Related papers: The QCD Critical Point and Related Observables
We discuss how the finiteness of the system created in a heavy-ion collision affects possible signatures of the QCD critical endpoint. We show sizable results for the modifications of the chiral phase diagram at volume scales typically…
Heavy-ion collisions at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations…
Bulk fluctuations of conserved charges measured by event-by-event analysis in relativistic heavy ion collisions are observables which are believed to carry significant amount of information on the hot medium created by the collisions.…
In these two lectures I review the basics of heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies and the physics we can do with them. I aim to cover the basics on the kinematics and observables in heavy-ion collider experiments, the basics on the…
QCD matter at finite temperature and density is a subject that has witnessed very impressive theoretical developments in the recent years. In this review I will discuss some new insights on the microscopic degrees of freedom of the QCD…
The exploration of the QCD phase diagram particularly the search for a phase transition from hadronic to partonic degrees of freedom and possibly a critical endpoint, is one of the most challenging tasks in present heavy-ion physics. As…
The dynamic separation into phases of high and low baryon density in a heavy ion collision can enhance fluctuations of the net rapidity density of baryons compared to model expectations. We demonstrate that event-by-event proton and…
The ultimate aim of high energy heavy ion collisions is to study quark deconfinement and the quark-gluon plasma predicted by quantum chromodynamics. This requires the identification of observables calculable in QCD and measurable in heavy…
The past decade has seen huge advances in experimental measurements made in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and more recently at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These new data, in combination with…
We present a comprehensive study of event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in nucleon-nucleon and nucleus-nucleus interactions from AGS/FAIR to RHIC energies within the UrQMD transport approach. The scaled variances of negative, positive,…
Event-by-event \gamma-charge correlation is used in studying systems going through QCD chiral phase transition. In this paper various methods for measuring \gamma-charge correlation in heavy ion collisions have been discussed. Dynamical…
We give a brief review of modern theoretical understanding of the physics of QCD at finite temperature and density. We concentrate in particular on the properties of hadron gas at relatively small temperatures and discuss in details the…
We discuss the relevance of higher order moments of net baryon number fluctuations for the analysis of freeze-out and critical conditions in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC. Using properties of O(4) scaling functions, we discuss the…
These lectures provide a modern introduction to selected topics in the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions which shed light on the fundamental theory of strong interactions, the Quantum Chromodynamics. The emphasis is on the…
Effects caused by the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions in hydrodynamical description of high-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Non-negligible effects appear for several observable quantities, even for a fixed…
Whether Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) exhibits a phase transition at finite temperature and density is an open question. It is important for hydrodynamic modeling of heavy ion collisions and neutron star mergers. Lattice QCD simulations have…
The moments of proton and net-proton multiplicity distributions are observables expected to be sensitive to the QCD critical point and the nature of the QCD phase transition from QGP to hadron gas. Hyper-order cumulants are measured in wide…
A new thermodynamic state function is introduced to describe the thermodynamics relevant for the mean transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles in heavy-ion collisions, which allows us to compute the temperature fluctuations of…
The Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is searching for the QCD critical point. The main signal for the critical point is the kurtosis of the distribution of proton yields obtained on an event-by-event…
Fluctuations in the statistical model of heavy ion collisions are studied. The role of statistics, relativity, constraints, decaying resonances and branching processes are investigated using this model. Also studied are thermodynamic…