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Related papers: Three-dimensional visualization of a qutrit

200 papers

The Bloch sphere provides an elegant way of visualizing a qubit. Analogous representation of the simplest composite state of two-qubits has attracted significant attention. Here we present a detailed mathematical analysis of the real-matrix…

The spinor representation of spin-1/2 states can equally well be mapped to a single unit quaternion, yielding a new perspective despite the equivalent mathematics. This paper first demonstrates a useable map that allows Bloch-sphere…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 K. B. Wharton , D. Koch

The Bloch sphere is a familiar and useful geometrical picture of the dynamics of a single spin or two-level system's quantum evolution. The analogous geometrical picture for three-level systems is presented, with several applications. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-28 Sai Vinjanampathy , A. R. P. Rau

We present a generalization to 3-qubits of the standard Bloch sphere representation for a single qubit and of the 7-dimensional sphere representation for 2 qubits presented in Mosseri {\it et al.}\cite{Mosseri2001}. The Hilbert space of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Bogdan A. Bernevig , Han-Dong Chen

Three unit spheres were used to represent the two-qubit pure states. The three spheres are named the base sphere, entanglement sphere, and fiber sphere. The base sphere and entanglement sphere represent the reduced density matrix of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 C. R. Wie

We map the density matrix of the qubit (spin-1/2) state associated with the Bloch sphere and given in the tomographic probability representation onto vertices of a triangle determining Triada of Malevich's squares. The three triangle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Vladimir N. Chernega , Olga V. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko

The geometry of the generalized Bloch sphere $\Omega_3$, the state space of a qutrit, is studied. Closed form expressions for $\Omega_3$, its boundary $\partial \Omega_3$, and the set of extremals $\Omega_3^{\rm ext}$ are obtained by use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Sandeep K. Goyal , B. Neethi Simon , Rajeev Singh , Sudhavathani Simon

Understanding the evolution of a multi-qubit quantum system, or elucidating what portion of the Hilbert space is occupied by a quantum dataset becomes increasingly hard with the number of qubits. In this context, the visualisation of sets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Alice Barthe , Michele Grossi , Jordi Tura , Vedran Dunjko

Physical constraints such as positivity endow the set of quantum states with a rich geometry if the system dimension is greater than two. To shed some light on the complicated structure of the set of quantum states, we consider a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. G. Schirmer , T. Zhang , J. V. Leahy

A generalized Bloch sphere, in which the states of a quantum entity of arbitrary dimension are geometrically represented, is investigated and further extended, to also incorporate the measurements. This extended representation constitutes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

By the Majorana representation, for any $d > 1$ there is a one-one correspondence between a quantum state of dimension $d$ and $d-1$ qubits represented as $d-1$ points in the Bloch sphere. Using the theory of symmetry class of tensors, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Chi-Kwong Li , Mikio Nakahara

We have given a novel formulation of the exact solutions for the lambda, vee and cascade three-level systems where the Hamiltonian of each configuration is expressed in the SU(3) basis. The solutions are discussed from the perspective of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-27 Surajit Sen , Mihir Ranjan Nath , Tushar Kanti Dey , Gautam Gangopadhyay

This paper presents an introduction to geometric representations of quantum states in which each distinct quantum state, pure and mixed, corresponds to a unique point in a Euclidean space. Beginning with a review of some underappreciated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Athanasios Kostikas , Yaroslav Valchyshen , Paul Cadden-Zimansky

An equivalence is established between orthogonal pure state qubits on the Bloch sphere and massless Weyl spinors, when the Bloch vector is taken as the physical three-momentum. A family of unitary, coordinate dependent transformations is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-29 R. Romero

The quantum state of a $d$-dimensional system can be represented by the $d^2$ probabilities corresponding to a SIC-POVM, and then this distribution of probability can be represented by a vector of $\R^{d^2-1}$ in a simplex, we will call…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-09 Jose Ignacio Rosado

The determination of the density matrix of an ensemble of identically prepared quantum systems by performing a series of measurements, known as quantum tomography, is minimal when the number of outcomes is minimal. The most accurate minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Edwin C. Chaparro Sogamoso , D. Angulo , K. M. Fonseca-Romero

Quantum computing is rapidly gaining popularity, necessitating intuitive visualization tools for complex quantum states. While the Bloch Sphere effectively visualizes single-qubit states, it fundamentally lacks scalability for multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Fritz Schinkel

We discuss a generalization to 2 qubits of the standard Bloch sphere representation for a single qubit, in the framework of Hopf fibrations of high dimensional spheres by lower dimensional spheres. The single qubit Hilbert space is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 R. Mosseri , R. Dandoloff

The Bloch sphere representation is a geometric model for all possible quantum states of a two-level system that can be used to describe the time dynamics of a qubit. As explicit application, we consider the time dynamics of a particle in a…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-10-31 Jonas Bley , Vieri Mattei , Simon Goorney , Jacob Sherson , Stefan Heusler

Unlike classical bits that can only occupy one of two discrete states, quantum bits (qubits) can exist in arbitrary coherent superpositions of the ground and excited states. This fundamental distinction grants qubits enhanced capabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Xiao-Meng Zhang , Guang-Chen He , Zhao-Xian Chen , Ze-Guo Chen , Ming-Hui Lu , Yan-Feng Chen