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The Wigner's friend type of thought experiments manifest the conceptual challenge on how different observers can have consistent descriptions of a quantum measurement event. In this paper, we analyze the extended version of Wigner's friend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 Jianhao M. Yang

Quantum reference frames have attracted renewed interest recently, as their exploration is relevant and instructive in many areas of quantum theory. Among the different types, position and time reference frames have captivated special…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Michael Suleymanov , Ismael L. Paiva , Eliahu Cohen

Under the principle that quantum mechanical observables are invariant under relevant symmetry transformations, we explore how the usual, non-invariant quantities may capture measurement statistics. Using a relativisation mapping, viewed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Leon Loveridge , Paul Busch , Takayuki Miyadera

Wigner's friend paradoxes highlight contradictions between measurements made by Friends inside a laboratory and superobservers outside a laboratory, who have access to an entangled state of the measurement apparatus. The contradictions lead…

The perspective-neutral formulation of quantum reference frames (QRFs) treats observers as quantum systems and describes physics relationally from within the composite system. While frame-change maps and frame-invariant resource sums are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Salman Sajad Wani , Saif Al-Kuwari

We give a convenient representation for any map that is covariant with respect to an irreducible representation of SU(2), and use this representation to analyze the evolution of a quantum directional reference frame when it is exploited as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-14 J. -C. Boileau , L. Sheridan , M. Laforest , S. D. Bartlett

The Wigner's friend paradox concerns one of the most puzzling problems of quantum mechanics: the consistent description of multiple nested observers. Recently, a variation of Wigner's gedankenexperiment, introduced by Frauchiger and Renner,…

Motivated by the expectation that relativistic symmetries might acquire quantum features in Quantum Gravity, we take the first steps towards a theory of ''Doubly'' Quantum Mechanics, a modification of Quantum Mechanics in which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Vittorio D'Esposito , Giuseppe Fabiano , Domenico Frattulillo , Flavio Mercati

In the quantization of gauge theories and quantum gravity, it is crucial to treat reference frames such as rods or clocks not as idealized external classical relata, but as internal quantum subsystems. In the Page-Wootters formalism, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-02 Anne-Catherine de la Hamette , Stefan L. Ludescher , Markus P. Mueller

The idea that the dynamical properties of quantum systems are invariably relative to other systems has recently regained currency. Using Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) for a case study, this paper calls attention to a question that has…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Timotheus Riedel

It is shown that a general model for particle detection in combination with a linear application of the Wigner rotations, which correspond to momentum-dependent changes of the particle spin under Lorentz transformations, to the state of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-04 Pablo L. Saldanha , Vlatko Vedral

Non-commutative spacetime and quantum groups have been argued to capture non-classical features of spacetime and its symmetries in the low-energy limit of quantum gravity. In this letter, we show that employing the $SU_q(2)$ quantum group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Vittorio D'Esposito , Giuseppe Fabiano , Domenico Frattulillo

Employing internal quantum systems as reference frames is a crucial concept in quantum gravity, gauge theories and quantum foundations whenever external relata are unavailable. In this work, we give a comprehensive and self-contained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Philipp A. Hoehn , Marius Krumm , Markus P. Mueller

The majority of current understanding of the quantum correlations is in the field of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. To develop quantum information and computation tasks fully, one must inevitably take into account the relativistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-26 Shrobona Bagchi

Viewing frames of reference as physical systems, subject to the same laws as the systems they describe, is central to the relational approach in physics. Under the assumption that quantum mechanics universally governs all physical entities,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Michael Suleymanov , Avishy Carmi , Eliahu Cohen

Reference frames are used to parameterize measurements of physical effects, but since their practical realization uses material objects, they may affect observations performed in a combined quantum state of the measured system together with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Martin Bojowald , Luis Martinez

Wigner's friend experiment and its modern extensions display the ambiguity of the quantum mechanical description regarding the assignment of quantum states. While the friend applies the state-update rule to the system upon observing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Flavio Del Santo , Gonzalo Manzano , Caslav Brukner

We consider the dynamics of a quantum directional reference frame undergoing repeated interactions. We first describe how a precise sequence of measurement outcomes affects the reference frame, looking at both the case that the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-12 Mehdi Ahmadi , David Jennings , Terry Rudolph

The class of relativistic spin particle models reveals the `quantization' of parameters already at the classical level. The special parameter values emerge if one requires the maximality of classical global continuous symmetries. The same…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Mikhail Plyushchay

We show that networks of quantum frames of reference, in which one frame may be used to produce multiple other frames that in their turn prepare systems which may interact with one another, have counterintuitive properties that make…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Daniel Collins , Carolina Moreira Ferrera , Ismael L. Paiva , Sandu Popescu