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Large Language Models (LLMs), deep learning architectures with typically over 10 billion parameters, have recently begun to be integrated into various cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as robotics, industrial automation, and autopilot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weizhe Xu , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Over the past decade, industrial control systems have experienced a massive integration with information technologies. Industrial networks have undergone numerous technical transformations to protect operational and production processes,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Riccardo Colelli , Filippo Magri , Stefano Panzieri , Federica Pascucci

Cyber-physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) are becoming increasingly prevalent across sectors such as Industry 4.0 and smart homes, where they play a critical role in enabling intelligent, interconnected functionality. Addressing the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Elisabeth Vogel , Peter Langendörfer

Recent years have seen increased interest in the design and deployment of smart grid devices and control algorithms. Each of these smart communicating devices represents a potential access point for an intruder spurring research into…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Scott Backhaus , Russell Bent , James Bono , Ritchie Lee , Brendan Tracey , David Wolpert , Dongping Xie , Yildiray Yildiz

This paper provides a strategy to identify layers and sub-layers of cyber-physical power systems (CPPS) and characterize their inter- and intra-actions. The physical layer usually consists of the power grid and protection devices whereas…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-15 Michael Abdelmalak , Narayan Bhusal , Mukesh Gautam , Mohammed Ben-Idris

There are many challenges for building up the smart factory, among them to deal with distributed data, high volume of information, and wide diversity of devices and applications. In this sense, Cyber-Physical System (CPS) concept emerges to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Cleber Jorge Amaral , Stephen Cranefield , Jomi Fred Hübner , Mario Lucio Roloff

In this paper we highlight the scopes of engineering bio-inspired political systems, which are political systems based on the properties of life that self-organize the increasing complexity of human social systems. We describe bio-inspired…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-11-13 Nathalie Mezza-Garcia

Feedback is ubiquitous in both biological and engineered control systems. In biology, in addition to typical feedback between plant and controller, we observe feedback pathways within control systems, which we call internal feedback…

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) software is used to enforce desired behaviours on physical systems. To test the interaction between the CPS software and the system's physics, engineers provide traces of desired physical states and observe…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Claudio Mandrioli , Seung Yeob Shin , Domenico Bianculli , Lionel Briand

Through the continued progress and advances of networking technology and also through efforts like Industry 4.0, SmartGrid, SmartCities, systems, that have been self-sustaining for the most part are now forming networked Cyber-physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Christoph Ponikwar

This paper explores the use of semantic knowledge inherent in the cyber-physical system (CPS) under study in order to minimize the use of explicit communication, which refers to the use of physical radio resources to transmit potentially…

In recent years, research on humanoid robots has garnered significant attention, particularly in reinforcement learning based control algorithms, which have achieved major breakthroughs. Compared to traditional model-based control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Qiang Zhang , Gang Han , Jingkai Sun , Wen Zhao , Jiahang Cao , Jiaxu Wang , Hao Cheng , Lingfeng Zhang , Yijie Guo , Renjing Xu

Embedded systems use increasingly complex software and are evolving into cyber-physical systems (CPS) with sophisticated interaction and coupling between physical and computational processes. Many CPS operate in safety-critical environments…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Luan V. Nguyen , Khaza Anuarul Hoque , Stanley Bak , Steven Drager , Taylor T. Johnson

Building Automation Systems (BAS) are exemplars of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), incorporating digital control architectures over underlying continuous physical processes. We provide a modular model library for BAS drawn from expertise…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Nathalie Cauchi , Alessandro Abate

Cyber-physical systems, also known as CPS, is an emerging field of technology that combines the physical and digital worlds by allowing for seamless interaction and communication between the two. One of the key characteristics of a CPS is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Sayed Erfan Arefin

In precision agriculture, integrating advanced technologies is crucial for optimizing plant growth and health monitoring. Cyber-physical system (CPS) platforms tailored to specific agricultural environments have emerged, but the diversity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Pawan Kumar , Hokeun Kim

This paper presents the principal challenges and opportunities associated with computational biomechanics research. The underlying cognitive control involved in the process of human motion is inherently complex, dynamic, multidimensional,…

Technical advances in ubiquitous sensing, embedded computing, and wireless communication are leading to a new generation of engineered systems called cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS promises to transform the way we interact with the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Feng Xia , Longhua Ma , Jinxiang Dong , Youxian Sun

Reducing wealth inequality and resource waste is a global challenge. A fundamental problem within the capitalist economy, put simply, lies in the enslavement of labor and the colonization of resources. To address these issues, movements…

In the world of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), a captivating real-time fusion occurs where digital technology meets the physical world. This synergy has been significantly transformed by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hadiza Umar Yusuf , Khouloud Gaaloul