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Typically, graph structures are represented by one of three different matrices: the adjacency matrix, the unnormalised and the normalised graph Laplacian matrices. The spectral (eigenvalue) properties of these different matrices are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-27 J. F. Lutzeyer , A. T. Walden

Recently, graphs have been widely used to represent many different kinds of real world data or observations such as social networks, protein-protein networks, road networks, and so on. In many cases, each node in a graph is associated with…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Jihwan Lee , Keehwan Park , Sunil Prabhakar

Graph neural networks have developed by leaps and bounds in recent years due to the restriction of traditional convolutional filters on non-Euclidean structured data. Spectral graph theory mainly studies fundamental graph properties using…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Xinye Chen

Spectral graph theory is a captivating area of graph theory that employs the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices associated with graphs to study them. In this paper, we present a collection of $20$ topics in spectral graph theory,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Lele Liu , Bo Ning

Graph processing is becoming increasingly prevalent across many application domains. In spite of this prevalence, there is little research about how graphs are actually used in practice. We performed an extensive study that consisted of an…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Siddhartha Sahu , Amine Mhedhbi , Semih Salihoglu , Jimmy Lin , M. Tamer Özsu

A graph is a data structure composed of dots (i.e. vertices) and lines (i.e. edges). The dots and lines of a graph can be organized into intricate arrangements. The ability for a graph to denote objects and their relationships to one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-09-07 Marko A. Rodriguez , Peter Neubauer

Probabilistic graphical models combine the graph theory and probability theory to give a multivariate statistical modeling. They provide a unified description of uncertainty using probability and complexity using the graphical model.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-11-30 Yang Zhou

We discuss the problem of extending data mining approaches to cases in which data points arise in the form of individual graphs. Being able to find the intrinsic low-dimensionality in ensembles of graphs can be useful in a variety of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-06-18 Karthikeyan Rajendran , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

Random graph models are frequently used as a controllable and versatile data source for experimental campaigns in various research fields. Generating such data-sets at scale is a non-trivial task as it requires design decisions typically…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Manuel Penschuck , Ulrik Brandes , Michael Hamann , Sebastian Lamm , Ulrich Meyer , Ilya Safro , Peter Sanders , Christian Schulz

Graphs are a powerful data structure to represent relational data and are widely used to describe complex real-world data structures. Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) have been well-developed in the past years to mathematically model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chenqing Hua , Sitao Luan , Qian Zhang , Jie Fu

Graph comparison is fundamentally important for many applications such as the analysis of social networks and biological data and has been a significant research area in the pattern recognition and pattern analysis domains. Nowadays, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-27 Hamida Seba , Sofiane Lagraa , Elsen Ronando

Graphs are a widely used paradigm for representing non-Euclidean data, with applications ranging from social network analysis to biomolecular prediction. While graph learning has achieved remarkable progress, real-world graph data presents…

Processing large complex networks recently attracted considerable interest. Complex graphs are useful in a wide range of applications from technological networks to biological systems like the human brain. Sometimes these networks are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Christian Schulz

The abundance of interconnected data has fueled the design and implementation of graph generators reproducing real-world linking properties, or gauging the effectiveness of graph algorithms, techniques and applications manipulating these…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Angela Bonifati , Irena Holubová , Arnau Prat-Pérez , Sherif Sakr

Data analysts commonly utilize statistics to summarize large datasets. While it is often sufficient to explore only the summary statistics of a dataset (e.g., min/mean/max), Anscombe's Quartet demonstrates how such statistics can be…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Hang Chen , Vahan Huroyan , Utkarsh Soni , Yafeng Lu , Ross Maciejewski , Stephen Kobourov

Graph vertices are often organized into groups that seem to live fairly independently of the rest of the graph, with which they share but a few edges, whereas the relationships between group members are stronger, as shown by the large…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-12-20 Santo Fortunato , Claudio Castellano

Given a large-scale graph with millions of nodes and edges, how to reveal macro patterns of interest, like cliques, bi-partite cores, stars, and chains? Furthermore, how to visualize such patterns altogether getting insights from the graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Hugo Gualdron , Robson Cordeiro , Jose Rodrigues

Graph learning is a prevalent domain that endeavors to learn the intricate relationships among nodes and the topological structure of graphs. Over the years, graph learning has transcended from graph theory to graph data mining. With the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Shaopeng Wei , Jun Wang , Yu Zhao , Xingyan Chen , Qing Li , Fuzhen Zhuang , Ji Liu , Fuji Ren , Gang Kou

In many ways, graphs are the main modality of data we receive from nature. This is due to the fact that most of the patterns we see, both in natural and artificial systems, are elegantly representable using the language of graph structures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Petar Veličković

We discuss the problem of extending data mining approaches to cases in which data points arise in the form of individual graphs. Being able to find the intrinsic low-dimensionality in ensembles of graphs can be useful in a variety of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Karthikeyan Rajendran , Assimakis A. Kattis , Alexander Holiday , Risi Kondor , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis