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We consider realistic, multi-parameter error models and investigate the performance of the surface code for three possible fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computer architectures. We map amplitude and phase damping to a diagonal Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-21 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , Michael R. Geller

Sensitivity to noise makes most of the current quantum computing schemes prone to error and nonscalable, allowing only for small proof-of-principle devices. Topologically-protected quantum computing aims at solving this problem by encoding…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-12-17 Helmut G. Katzgraber , Ruben S. Andrist

We study stabilizer quantum error correcting codes (QECC) generated under hybrid dynamics of local Clifford unitaries and local Pauli measurements in one dimension. Building upon 1) a general formula relating the error-susceptibility of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Yaodong Li , Matthew P. A. Fisher

This paper investigates quantum error correction schemes for fully-correlated noise channels on an $n$-qubit system, where error operators take the form $W^{\otimes n}$, with $W$ being an arbitrary $2\times 2$ unitary operator. In previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-30 Chi-Kwong Li , Yuqiao Li , Diane Christine Pelejo , Sage Stanish

Bosonic codes, leveraging infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces for redundancy, offer great potential for encoding quantum information. However, the realization of a practical continuous-variable bosonic code that can simultaneously correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Yexiong Zeng , Fernando Quijandría , Clemens Gneiting , Franco Nori

Real quantum computers will be subject to complicated, qubit-dependent noise, instead of simple noise such as depolarizing noise with the same strength for all qubits. We can do quantum error correction more effectively if our decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Alex Fischer , Akimasa Miyake

In quantum error correction, the description of noise channel cannot be completely accurate, and fluctuation always appears in noise channel. It is found that when fluctuation of physical noise channel is considered, the average effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-30 Long Huang , Xiaohua Wu , Tao Zhou

High-fidelity decoding of quantum error correction codes relies on an accurate experimental model of the physical errors occurring in the device. Because error probabilities can depend on the context of the applied operations, the error…

We present a fault-tolerant [[8, 1, 3]] non-CSS quantum error correcting code and study its logical error rates. We choose the unitary encoding procedure for stabilizer codes given by Gottesman and modify it to suit the setting of a class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Pranav Maheshwari , Ankur Raina

We present a [[7, 1, 3]] quantum error-correcting code that is able to achieve fault-tolerant syndrome measurement using one ancillary qubit per stabilizer for an error model of independent single-qubit Pauli errors. All single-qubit Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Muyuan Li , Mauricio Gutiérrez , Stanley E. David , Alonzo Hernandez , Kenneth R. Brown

Accurately estimating observables on noisy quantum devices remains a central challenge for near-term quantum algorithms. While quantum error mitigation techniques can reduce noise-induced bias, they often rely on unverifiable assumptions…

Stabilizer states are a prime resource for a number of applications in quantum information science, such as secret-sharing and measurement-based quantum computation. This motivates us to study the entanglement of noisy stabilizer states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Kenneth Goodenough , Aqil Sajjad , Eneet Kaur , Saikat Guha , Don Towsley

Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for fault tolerant quantum computing. On superconducting platforms, hardware defects in large scale quantum processors can disrupt the regular lattice structure of topological codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Tian-Hao Wei , Jia-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Ning Li , Wei-Cheng Kong , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

In many physical systems it is expected that environmental decoherence will exhibit an asymmetry between dephasing and relaxation that may result in qubits experiencing discrete phase errors more frequently than discrete bit errors. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. M. Stephens , Z. W. E. Evans , S. J. Devitt , L. C. L. Hollenberg

We introduce the qudit Noisy Stabilizer Formalism, a framework for efficiently describing the evolution of stabilizer states in prime-power dimensions subject to generalized Pauli-diagonal noise under Clifford operations and generalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Paul Aigner , Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz , Wolfgang Dür

With fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) on the horizon, it is critical to understand sources of logical error in plausible hardware implementations of quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). In this work, we consider logical error rates…

We propose several optimizations of the CliNR partial error correction scheme which implements Clifford circuits by consuming a resource state. Errors are corrected by measuring a sequence of Pauli operators that we refer to as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Edwin Tham , Nicolas Delfosse

We describe the smallest quantum error correcting (QEC) code to correct for amplitude-damping (AD) noise, namely, a 3-qubit code that corrects all the single-qubit damping errors. We generalize this construction to a family of codes that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Sourav Dutta , Aditya Jain , Prabha Mandayam

Quantum error-correcting codes can be used to protect qubits involved in quantum computation. This requires that logical operators acting on protected qubits be translated to physical operators (circuits) acting on physical quantum states.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Swanand Kadhe , Henry D. Pfister

Quantum processors are often affected by biased noise and noisy readout, which reduce reliability and reproducibility. This work combines two complementary strategies to address these challenges. The first is bias tailoring, which aligns…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Devon Campbell