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The constraint equations in Maxwell theory are investigated. In analogy with some recent results on the constraints of general relativity it is shown, regardless of the signature and dimension of the ambient space, that the "divergence of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-27 István Rácz

We review some well posed formulations of the evolution part of the Cauchy problem of General Relativity that we have recently obtained. We include also a new first order symmetric hyperbolic system based directly on the Riemann tensor and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-27 Y. Choquet-Bruhat , J. W. York,

Many of the technical complications associated with the general theory of relativity ultimately stem from the nonlinearity of Einstein's equation. It is shown here that an appropriate choice of dynamical variables may be used to eliminate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-01-07 Abraham I. Harte

Solution of Helmholtz equation with impedance boundary condition on finite interval is equivalently reformulated as steady state of initial boundary value problem for first order hyperbolic system of partial differential equations.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-06-19 Ramaz Botchorishvili , Tamar Janelidze

A general covariant extension of Einstein\'{}s field equations is considered with a view to Numerical Relativity applications. The basic variables are taken to be the metric tensor and an additional four-vector $Z_\mu$. Einstein's solutions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-21 C. Bona , T. Ledvinka , C. Palenzuela , M. Zacek

We present a symmetric hyperbolic formulation of the Einstein equations in affine-null coordinates. Giannakopoulos et. al. (arXiv:2007.06419) recently showed that the most commonly numerically implemented formulations of the Einstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-04 Justin L. Ripley

We address the approximation of entropy solutions to initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear strictly hyperbolic conservation laws using neural networks. A general and systematic framework is introduced for the design of efficient and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Igor Ciril , Khalil Haddaoui , Yohann Tendero

We review recent efforts to re-formulate the Einstein equations for fully relativistic numerical simulations. The so-called numerical relativity (computational simulations in general relativity) is a promising research field matching with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hisa-aki Shinkai , Gen Yoneda

We introduce in this document a direct method allowing to solve numerically inverse type problems for linear parabolic equations. We consider the reconstruction of the full solution of the parabolic equation posed in $\Omega\times (0,T)$ -…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-11 Arnaud Munch , Diego Souza

We obtain a system for the spatial metric and extrinsic curvature of a spacelike slice that is hyperbolic non-strict in the sense of Leray and Ohya and is equivalent to the Einstein equations. Its characteristics are the light cone and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-27 Andrew Abrahams , Arlen Anderson , Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat , James W. York,

We consider an approach to the hyperboloidal evolution problem based on the Einstein equations written for a rescaled metric. It is shown that a conformal scale factor can be freely prescribed a priori in terms of coordinates in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Anil Zenginoglu

The Einstein and Maxwell equations are both systems of hyperbolic equations which need to satisfy a set of elliptic constraints throughout evolution. However, while electrodynamics (EM) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) have benefited from a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-29 H. Olivares , I. M. Peshkov , E. R. Most , F. M. Guercilena , L. J. Papenfort

New boundary conditions are constructed and tested numerically for a general first-order form of the Einstein evolution system. These conditions prevent constraint violations from entering the computational domain through timelike…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Lawrence E. Kidder , Lee Lindblom , Mark A. Scheel , Luisa T. Buchman , Harald P. Pfeiffer

We show how the use of the normal projection of the Einstein tensor as a set of boundary conditions relates to the propagation of the constraints, for two representations of the Einstein equations with vanishing shift vector: the ADM…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Simonetta Frittelli , Roberto Gomez

This work presents a novel family of well-balanced numerical schemes for hyperbolic systems of balance laws based on the kinetic relaxation approach. The method begins by transforming the original non-linear system into a linearized kinetic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 León Ávila , Manuel Castro , Victor Michel-Dansac , José M. Gallardo

We present a new, monolithic first--order (both in time and space) BSSNOK formulation of the coupled Einstein--Euler equations. The entire system of hyperbolic PDEs is solved in a completely unified manner via one single numerical scheme…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-13 Michael Dumbser , Olindo Zanotti , Gabriella Puppo

Recent works by the second author and Maxwell et al. have shown that the Einstein-scalar field conformal constraint equations are highly complex and generally intractable, even in the vacuum case. In this article, to gain a clearer…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-11 Philippe Castillon , Cang Nguyen-The

We consider initial-boundary problems for general linear first-order strictly hyperbolic systems with local or nonlocal nonlinear boundary conditions. While boundary data are supposed to be smooth, initial conditions can contain…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Irina Kmit

The paper introduces a method to solve inverse problems for hyperbolic systems where the leading order terms are non-linear. We apply the method to the coupled Einstein-scalar field equations and study the question whether the structure of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-01-08 Yaroslav Kurylev , Matti Lassas , Lauri Oksanen , Gunther Uhlmann

The Einstein evolution equations may be written in a variety of equivalent analytical forms, but numerical solutions of these different formulations display a wide range of growth rates for constraint violations. For symmetric hyperbolic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Lee Lindblom , Mark A. Scheel