Related papers: Strong ETH Breaks With Merlin and Arthur: Short No…
The proliferation of agentic systems has thrust the reasoning capabilities of AI into the forefront of contemporary machine learning. While it is known that there \emph{exist} neural networks which can reason through any Boolean task…
A line of work initiated by Fortnow in 1997 has proven model-independent time-space lower bounds for the $\mathsf{SAT}$ problem and related problems within the polynomial-time hierarchy. For example, for the $\mathsf{SAT}$ problem, the…
In this paper, we study the structure of set-multilinear arithmetic circuits and set-multilinear branching programs with the aim of showing lower bound results. We define some natural restrictions of these models for which we are able to…
This paper gives a QMA (Quantum Merlin-Arthur) protocol for 3-SAT with two logarithmic-size quantum proofs (that are not entangled with each other) such that the gap between the completeness and the soundness is Omega(1/n polylog(n)). This…
Recently, researchers have been working toward the development of practical general-purpose protocols for verifiable computation. These protocols enable a computationally weak verifier to offload computations to a powerful but untrusted…
We perform formal verification of quantum circuits by integrating several techniques specialized to particular classes of circuits. Our verification methodology is based on the new notion of a reversible miter that allows one to leverage…
We consider the multiplicative complexity of Boolean functions with multiple bits of output, studying how large a multiplicative complexity is necessary and sufficient to provide a desired nonlinearity. For so-called $\Sigma\Pi\Sigma$…
Let $ACC \circ THR$ be the class of constant-depth circuits comprised of AND, OR, and MOD$m$ gates (for some constant $m > 1$), with a bottom layer of gates computing arbitrary linear threshold functions. This class of circuits can be seen…
We design nearly-linear time numerical algorithms for the problem of multivariate multipoint evaluation over the fields of rational, real and complex numbers. We consider both \emph{exact} and \emph{approximate} versions of the algorithm.…
We show that if a language $L$ admits a public-coin unambiguous interactive proof (UIP) with round complexity $\ell$, where $a$ bits are communicated per round, then the batch language $L^{\otimes k}$, i.e. the set of $k$-tuples of…
The Minimum Circuit Size Problem for Partial Functions ($MCSP^*$) is hard assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) (Ilango, 2020). This breakthrough hardness result leveraged a characterization of the optimal $\{\land, \lor, \neg\}$…
Decision problems are the problems whose answer is either YES or NO. As the quantum analogue of $\mathsf{NP}$ (nondeterministic polynomial time), the class $\mathsf{QMA}$ (quantum Merlin-Arthur) contains the decision problems whose YES…
Repeating a gate sequence multiple times amplifies systematic errors coherently, making it a useful tool for characterizing quantum gates. However, the precision of such an approach is limited by low-frequency noises, while its efficiency…
We establish a generic form of hardness amplification for the approximability of constant-depth Boolean circuits by polynomials. Specifically, we show that if a Boolean circuit cannot be pointwise approximated by low-degree polynomials to…
The Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) is a standard assumption in (fine-grained) parameterized complexity and many tight lower bounds are based on it. We consider a number of reasonable weakenings of the SETH, with sources from (i)…
We propose a new parameter called proofdoor in an attempt to explain the efficiency of CDCL SAT solvers over formulas derived from circuit (esp., arithmetic) verification applications. Informally, given an unsatisfiable CNF formula F over n…
A monotone Boolean (OR,AND) circuit computing a monotone Boolean function f is a read-k circuit if the polynomial produced (purely syntactically) by the arithmetic (+,x) version of the circuit has the property that for every prime implicant…
This paper proves that classical-witness quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems can achieve perfect completeness. That is, QCMA = QCMA1. This holds under any gate set with which the Hadamard and arbitrary classical reversible transformations…
In this paper we explore the power of AM for the case that verifiers are {\em two-way finite automata with quantum and classical states} (2QCFA)--introduced by Ambainis and Watrous in 2002--and the communications are classical. It is of…
The class QMA(k), introduced by Kobayashi et al., consists of all languages that can be verified using k unentangled quantum proofs. Many of the simplest questions about this class have remained embarrassingly open: for example, can we give…