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X-Ray and Ultraviolet (UV) observations of the outer solar atmosphere have been used for many decades to measure the fundamental parameters of the solar plasma. This review focuses on the optically thin emission from the solar atmosphere,…
Most properties of solid materials are defined by their internal electric field and charge density distributions which so far are difficult to measure with high spatial resolution. Especially for 2D materials, the atomic electric fields…
A multi-imaging strategy is proposed and experimentally tested to improve the accuracy of photon counting with an electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD), by taking into account the random nature of its on-chip gain and the…
The combination of deep learning and ab initio materials calculations is emerging as a trending frontier of materials science research, with deep-learning density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure being particularly promising. In…
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a powerful imaging technique with diverse applications, e.g., medical diagnosis, industrial monitoring, and environmental studies. The EIT inverse problem is about inferring the internal conductivity…
Electronic density of states (DOS) is a key factor in condensed matter physics and material science that determines the properties of metals. First-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have typically been used to obtain…
The toolbox for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some techniques visualize the geometrical structure, others the electron density or electron orbitals. Molecules are many-body systems for which the correlation between the…
Energy resolved neutron imaging (ERNI) is an advanced neutron radiography technique capable of non-destructively extracting spatial isotopic information within a given material. Energy-dependent radiography image sequences can be created by…
Detector-based spectral computed tomography is a recent dual-energy CT (DECT) technology that offers the possibility of obtaining spectral information. From this spectral data, different types of images can be derived, amongst others…
Dual-energy subtraction imaging (DES) is a method to improve the detectability of contrast agents over a lumpy background. Two images, acquired at x-ray energies above and below an absorption edge of the agent material, are logarithmically…
Spot density is commonly used as an indication of shower energy in emulsion chambers. In a system originally developed for JACEE analysis, the optical density of a spot on x-ray film is estimated from macroscopic digital images. The spot's…
Assessment of dietary intake has primarily relied on self-report instruments, which are prone to measurement errors. Dietary assessment methods have increasingly incorporated technological advances particularly mobile, image based…
Purpose: Dual-energy CT (DECT) has been used to derive relative stopping power (RSP) map by obtaining the energy dependence of photon interactions. The DECT-derived RSP maps could potentially be compromised by image noise levels and the…
Lung cancer (LC) ranks among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and is one of the most common causes of death for men and women worldwide. Computed Tomography (CT) images are the most preferred diagnosis method because of their low cost…
Density functional theory (DFT) calculation has had huge success as a tool capable of predicting important physical and chemical properties of condensed matter systems. We calculate the electric dipole moment of a molecule by using the…
In material testing applications, Computed Tomography is a well established imaging technique that allows the recovery of the attenuation map of an object. Conventional modalities exploit only primary radiation and although in the energy…
Direct detection experiments utilizing electronic excitations are spearheading the search for light, sub-GeV, dark matter (DM). It is thus crucial to have accurate predictions for any DM-electron interaction rate in this regime. EXCEED-DM…
We present an information-theoretic assessment of atomic and molecular densities in the ground state and under a range of physical scenarios--excitation, confinement, and ensemblization. Comparisons across densities obtained from…
Breast CT provides image volumes with isotropic resolution in high contrast, enabling detection of small calcification (down to a few hundred microns in size) and subtle density differences. Since breast is sensitive to x-ray radiation,…
Edges of an image are considered a crucial type of information. These can be extracted by applying edge detectors with different methodology. Edge detection is a vital step in computer vision tasks, because it is an essential issue for…