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In this paper, we study commutative zero-divisor semigroups determined by graphs. We prove a uniqueness theorem for a class of graphs. We show two classes of graphs that have no corresponding semigroups. In particular, any complete graph…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tongsuo Wu , Li Chen

All graphs considered are simple and undirected. The Inverse Eigenvalue Problem of a Graph $G$ (IEP-G) aims to find all possible spectra for matrices whose $(i,j)-$entry, for $i\neq j$, is nonzero precisely when $i$ is adjacent to $j$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Roberto C. Díaz , Ana I. Julio

This article provides a method for constructing invariants and semi-invariants of a binary $N$-ic form over a field $k$ characteristics $0$ or $p > N$. A practical and broadly applicable sufficient condition for ensuring nontriviality of…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-04-16 Shashikant Mulay

We consider semigroup algorithmic problems in finitely generated metabelian groups. Our paper focuses on three decision problems introduced by Choffrut and Karhum\"{a}ki (2005): the Identity Problem (does a semigroup contain a neutral…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Ruiwen Dong

The recent theory of graph limits gives a powerful framework for understanding the properties of suitable (convergent) sequences $(G_n)$ of graphs in terms of a limiting object which may be represented by a symmetric function $W$ on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-21 Bela Bollobas , Svante Janson , Oliver Riordan

We propose graph kernels based on subgraph matchings, i.e. structure-preserving bijections between subgraphs. While recently proposed kernels based on common subgraphs (Wale et al., 2008; Shervashidze et al., 2009) in general can not be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Nils Kriege , Petra Mutzel

We develop the theory of transformation semigroups that have degree 2, that is, act by partial functions on a finite set such that the inverse image of points have at most two elements. We show that the graph of fibers of such an action…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-07 Stuart W. Margolis , John Rhodes

A retract of a graph $\Gamma$ is an induced subgraph $\Psi$ of $\Gamma$ such that there exists a homomorphism from $\Gamma$ to $\Psi$ whose restriction to $\Psi$ is the identity map. A graph is a core if it has no nontrivial retracts. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Ricky Rotheram , Sanming Zhou

In this paper we present a novel algorithm for computing a congruence on an inverse semigroup from a collection of generating pairs. This algorithm uses a myriad of techniques from the theories of groups, automata, and inverse semigroups.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Luna Elliott , Alex Levine , James D. Mitchell

The group synchronization problem is to estimate unknown group elements at the vertices of a graph when given a set of possibly noisy observations of group differences at the edges. We consider the group synchronization problem on finite…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-24 Bradley Stich

Graphs constructed to translate some graph problem into another graph problem are usually called auxiliary graphs. Specifically total graphs of simple graphs are used to translate the total colouring problem of the original graph into a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-02-16 Ravi Goyal , Mahipal Jadeja , Rahul Muthu

Many graph problems were first shown to be fixed-parameter tractable using the results of Robertson and Seymour on graph minors. We show that the combination of finite, computable, obstruction sets and efficient order tests is not just one…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-05-15 Michael R. Fellows , Bart M. P. Jansen

It has recently been observed by Zuiddam that finite graphs form a preordered commutative semiring under the graph homomorphism preorder together with join and disjunctive product as addition and multiplication, respectively. This led to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-28 Tobias Fritz

An independent vertex subset $S$ of the directed graph $G$ is a kernel if the set of out-neighbors of $S$ is $V(G)\setminus S$. An independent vertex subset $Q$ of $G$ is a quasi-kernel if the union of the first and second out-neighbors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-30 Péter L. Erdős , Ervin Győri , Tamás Róbert Mezei , Nika Salia , Mykhaylo Tyomkyn

Kernelization algorithms, usually a preprocessing step before other more traditional algorithms, are very special in the sense that they return (reduced) instances, instead of final results. This characteristic excludes the freedom of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-10-04 Yixin Cao , Jianer Chen

A partial automorphism of a finite graph is an isomorphism between its vertex induced subgraphs. The set of all partial automorphisms of a given finite graph forms an inverse monoid under composition (of partial maps). We describe the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-12 Robert Jajcay , Tatiana Jajcayova , Nóra Szakács , Mária B. Szendrei

In this dissertation, we explore the structure of inversion graphs of permutations--a class of graphs that naturally arises by representing each permutation as a graph, where vertices correspond to entries and edges encode inversions.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Sean Mandrick

We deform monomial space curves in order to construct examples of set-theoretical complete intersection space curve singularities. As a by-product we describe an inverse to Herzog's construction of minimal generators of non-complete…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-01 Michel Granger , Mathias Schulze

We introduce the inverse monoid of inner partial automorphisms of a semigroup -- a tool that associates to every semigroup an inverse semigroup. When the semigroup is a group, this inverse semigroup is isomorphic to the group of inner…

This paper studies semi-supervised graph classification, which is an important problem with various applications in social network analysis and bioinformatics. This problem is typically solved by using graph neural networks (GNNs), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Wei Ju , Junwei Yang , Meng Qu , Weiping Song , Jianhao Shen , Ming Zhang