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A non-Hermitian operator with a real spectrum and a complete set of eigenvectors may serve as the Hamiltonian operator for a unitary quantum system provided that one makes an appropriate choice for the defining inner product of the physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ali Mostafazadeh

Describing systems with non-Hermitian (NH) operators remains a challenge in quantum theory due to instabilities (e.g., exceptional points and decoherence) arising from interactions with the environment. We propose a framework to express the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Priyanshi Bhasin , Tanmoy Das

We consider the problem of designing a variety of "system guided" basis sets for quantum mechanical anharmonic oscillators. Using ideas based on supersymmetric quantum mechanics, we design canonical transformations of the usual position and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-12 Donald J. Kouri , Cameron L. Williams , Nikhil Pandyaq

The introduction of operator states and of observables in various fields of quantum physics has raised questions about the mathematical structures of the corresponding spaces. In the framework of third quantization it had been conjectured…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-02 T. Prosen , L. Martignon , T. H. Seligman

The quantum-mechanical state vector is not directly observable even though it is the fundamental variable that appears in Schrodinger's equation. In conventional time-dependent perturbation theory, the state vector must be calculated before…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 J. D. Franson , Michelle M. Donegan

Three notions of complementarity - operational, probabilistic, and value complementarity - are reanalysed with respect to the question of joint measurements and compared with reference to some examples of canonically conjugate observables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 P. Busch , P. J. Lahti

In any known description of nature, two physical systems are considered independent of each other if any action on one of the systems does not change the other system. From our classical intuitions about the world, we further conclude that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Shubhayan Sarkar

Recent developments in the formalisation of quantum causal structures have made it possible to test and compare hypotheses about causal structure empirically, rather than being a-priori assumptions. Such differences in causal structure may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Declan Maguire , Fabio Costa

The main achievements of Pseudo-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics and its distinction with the indefinite-metric quantum theories are reviewed. The issue of the non-uniqueness of the metric operator and its consequences for defining the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ali Mostafazadeh

It is shown that two observers have mutually commuting observables if they are able to prepare in each subsector of their common state space some state exhibiting no mutual correlations. This result establishes a heretofore missing link…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Detlev Buchholz , Stephen J. Summers

We consider the problem of determining the state of a quantum system given one or more readings of the expectation value of an observable. The system is assumed to be a finite dimensional quantum control system for which we can influence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Domenico D'Alessandro

In recent years, non-Hermitian quantum physics has gained a lot in popularity in the quantum optics and condensed matter communities in order to model quantum systems with varying symmetries. In this paper, we identify a non-standard inner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-09 Jake Southall , Daniel Hodgson , Robert Purdy , Almut Beige

We present a systematic procedure to obtain all necessary and sufficient (quantum) constraints on the expectation values for any set of qudit's operators. These constraints---arise form Hermiticity, normalization, and positivity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-14 Arun Sehrawat

We study a diagonalizable Hamiltonian that is not at first hermitian. Requirement that a measurement shall not change one Hamiltonian eigenstate into another one with a different eigenvalue imposes that an inner product must be defined so…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-07 Keiichi Nagao , Holger Bech Nielsen

We propose a formal framework for understanding and unifying the concept of observers across physics, computer science, philosophy, and related fields. Building on cybernetic feedback models, we introduce an operational definition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Hatem Elshatlawy , Dean Rickles , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

The observation that PT-symmetric Hamiltonians can have real-valued energy levels even if they are non-Hermitian has triggered intense activities, with experiments, in particular, focusing on optical systems, where Hermiticity can be broken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-10 Henning Schomerus

This is an attempt to create a consistent and non-trivial extension of quantum theory, describing in detail the quantum measurement process. A tentative but concrete model is presented, based on the concept of multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose L Balduz

In gauge theories, observable quantities have to be gauge-invariant. In general, this requires composite operators, which usually have substantially different properties, e.g. masses, than the elementary particles. Theories with a Higgs…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2014-10-13 Axel Maas

The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality is a constraint that local theories must obey. Quantum Mechanics predicts a violation of this inequality in certain experimental settings. Treatments of this subject frequently make…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-21 Peter Bierhorst

Diagonalizable pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real and discrete spectra, which are superpartners of Hermitian Hamiltonians, must be $\eta$-pseudo-Hermitian with Hermitian, positive-definite and non-singular $\eta$ operators. We show…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-04-14 Boris F. Samsonov , V. V. Shamshutdinova , A. V. Osipov