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Routing of photon play a key role in optical communication and quantum networks. Although the quantum routing of signals has been investigated in various systems both in theory and experiment. However, no current theory can route quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-17 Peng-Cheng Ma , Jian-Qi Zhang , Mang Feng , Zhi-Ming Zhang

The quantum transduction, or equivalently quantum frequency conversion, is vital for the realization of, e.g., quantum networks, distributed quantum computing, and quantum repeaters. The microwave-to-optical quantum transduction is of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Akihiko Sekine , Ryo Murakami , Yoshiyasu Doi

We report the observation of efficient and low-noise frequency conversion between two microwave modes, mediated by the motion of a mechanical resonator subjected to radiation pressure. We achieve coherent conversion of more than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-28 F. Lecocq , J. B. Clark , R. W. Simmonds , J. Aumentado , J. D. Teufel

We propose a device for the reversible and quiet conversion of microwave photons to optical sideband photons, that can reach 100% quantum effciency. The device is based on an erbium doped crystal placed in both an optical and microwave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-10 Lewis A. Williamson , Yu-Hui Chen , Jevon J. Longdell

Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwave-to-optical conversion to link electronic…

We develop a theoretical description of a device for coherent conversion of microwave to optical photons. For the device, dopant ions in a crystal are used as three-level systems, and interact with the fields inside overlapping microwave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Peter S. Barnett , Jevon J. Longdell

The critical step for future quantum industry demands realization of efficient information exchange between different-platform hybrid systems, including photonic and magnonic systems, that can harvest advantages of distinct platforms. The…

Electrically actuated optomechanical resonators provide a route to quantum-coherent, bidirectional conversion of microwave and optical photons. Such devices could enable optical interconnection of quantum computers based on qubits operating…

We propose to demonstrate nonreciprocal conversion between microwave and optical photons in an electro-optomechanical system where a microwave mode and an optical mode are coupled indirectly via two non-degenerate mechanical modes. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-23 Xun-Wei Xu , Yong Li , Ai-Xi Chen , Yu-xi Liu

Hybrid superconducting-photonic microresonators are a promising platform for realizing microwave-to-optical transduction. However, the absorption of scattered photons by the superconductors leads to unintended microwave resonance frequency…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-11-22 Yuntao Xu , Wei Fu , Yiyu Zhou , Mingrui Xu , Mohan Shen , Ayed Al Sayem , Hong X. Tang

In this paper, we propose a scheme for frequency conversion between optical photons and microwave photons in non-Markovian environments using both magnetic and mechanical excitations as intermediate media. When the frequencies of optical…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-18 Jia Tang , H. Z. Shen

Photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high density interconnects while solid state qubits in the microwave domain offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic. Here we present a general purpose, quantum-enabled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Rishabh Sahu , William Hease , Alfredo Rueda , Georg Arnold , Liu Qiu , Johannes Fink

Frequency conversion between microwave and optical photons is a key enabling technology to create links between superconducting quantum processors and to realize distributed quantum networks. We propose a microwave-optical transduction…

Microwave-optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication, secure information transfer, and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies. In this work, we demonstrate how the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Ming-Yue Liu , Yuan Gong , Jiaojiao Chen , Yan-Wei Wang , Wei Xiong

Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons requires noise-free microwave-to-optical transducers, a technology currently not realized at the single-photon level. We propose to use four-wave-mixing in an ensemble of cold…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-07-15 Jacob P. Covey , Alp Sipahigil , Mark Saffman

Two-way microwave-optical quantum transduction is essential to connecting distant superconducting qubits via optical fiber, and to enable quantum networking at a large scale. In Bl\'esin, Tian, Bhave, and Kippenberg's article, ``Quantum…

Atomic vapors offer many opportunities for manipulating electromagnetic signals across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, a microwave signal with an audio-frequency modulation encodes information in an optical signal by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-01 A. Tretiakov , C. A. Potts , T. S. Lee , M. J. Thiessen , J. P. Davis , L. J. LeBlanc

Bidirectional conversion of electrical and optical signals lies at the foundation of the global internet. Such converters are employed at repeater stations to extend the reach of long-haul fiber optic communication systems and within data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Mohammad Mirhosseini , Alp Sipahigil , Mahmoud Kalaee , Oskar Painter

The modern information networks are built on hybrid systems working at disparate optical wavelengths. Coherent interconnects for converting photons between different wavelengths are highly desired. Although coherent interconnects have…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-22 Xiang Xi , Chang-Ling Zou , Chun-Hua Dong , Xiankai Sun

Rigidity of an ordered phase in condensed matter results in collective excitation modes spatially extending in macroscopic dimensions. Magnon is a quantum of an elementary excitation in the ordered spin system, such as ferromagnet. Being…