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A graph $G$ with four or more vertices is called bicritical if the removal of any pair of distinct vertices of $G$ results in a graph with a perfect matching. A bicritical graph is minimal if the deletion of each edge results in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Jing Guo , Hailun Wu , Heping Zhang

We show that every cubic bridgeless graph G has at least 2^(|V(G)|/3656) perfect matchings. This confirms an old conjecture of Lovasz and Plummer. This version of the paper uses a different definition of a burl from the journal version of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Louis Esperet , Frantisek Kardos , Andrew King , Daniel Kral , Serguei Norine

The Fan-Raspaud Conjecture states that every bridgeless cubic graph has three 1-factors with empty intersection. A weaker one than this conjecture is that every bridgeless cubic graph has two 1-factors and one join with empty intersection.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-22 Ligang Jin , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Eckhard Steffen

Petersen's seminal work in 1891 asserts that the edge-set of a cubic graph can be covered by distinct perfect matchings if and only if it is bridgeless. Actually, it is known that for a very large fraction of bridgeless cubic graphs, every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-16 Jan Goedgebeur , Davide Mattiolo , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Jarne Renders , Isaak H. Wolf

Let $G$ be a bridgeless cubic graph. In 2023, the three authors solved a conjecture (also known as the $S_4$-Conjecture) made by Mazzuoccolo in 2013: there exist two perfect matchings of $G$ such that the complement of their union is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 František Kardoš , Edita Máčajová , Jean Paul Zerafa

In 1954, Tutte conjectured that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Let $\omega$ be the minimum number of odd cycles in a 2-factor of a bridgeless cubic graph. Tutte's conjecture is equivalent to its restriction to cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Eckhard Steffen

A graph is {\em perfect} if, in all its induced subgraphs, the size of a largest clique is equal to the chromatic number. Examples of perfect graphs include bipartite graphs, line graphs of bipartite graphs and the complements of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gérard Cornuéjols

Many conjectures and open problems in graph theory can either be reduced to cubic graphs or are directly stated for cubic graphs. Furthermore, it is known that for a lot of problems, a counterexample must be a snark, i.e. a bridgeless cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-27 Edita Máčajová , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Vahan Mkrtchyan , Jean Paul Zerafa

For a bridgeless cubic graph $G$, $m_3(G)$ is the ratio of the maximum number of edges of $G$ covered by the union of $3$ perfect matchings to $|E(G)|$. We prove that for any $r\in [4/5, 1)$, there exist infinitely many cubic graphs $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Edita Máčajová , Ján Mazák

The Petersen colouring conjecture states that every bridgeless cubic graph admits an edge-colouring with $5$ colours such that for every edge $e$, the set of colours assigned to the edges adjacent to $e$ has cardinality either $2$ or $4$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-11 François Pirot , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , Riste Škrekovski

A circuit double cover of a bridgeless graph is a collection of even subgraphs such that every edge is contained in exactly two subgraphs of the given collection. Such a circuit double cover describes an embedding of the corresponding graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Meike Weiß , Reymond Akpanya , Alice C. Niemeyer

A $k$-weak bisection of a cubic graph $G$ is a partition of the vertex-set of $G$ into two parts $V_1$ and $V_2$ of equal size, such that each connected component of the subgraph of $G$ induced by $V_i$ ($i=1,2$) is a tree of at most $k-2$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-15 Louis Esperet , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Michael Tarsi

A 1983 conjecture of Bouchet states that every flow-admissible signed graph has a nowhere-zero six-flow. We prove this conjecture for cyclically five-edge-connected, cubic signed graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Kathryn Nurse

In this paper, a proof of the cycle double cover conjecture is presented. The cycle double cover conjecture purports that if a graph is bridgeless, then there exists a list of cycles in the graph such that every edge in the graph appears in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-08 P. Clarke

The Cycle double cover (CDC) conjecture states that for every bridgeless graph $G$, there exists a family $\mathcal{F}$ of cycles such that each edge of the graph is contained in exactly two members of $\mathcal{F}$. Given an embedding of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Babak Ghanbari , Robert Šámal

A graph is Berge if it has no induced odd cycle on at least 5 vertices and no complement of induced odd cycle on at least 5 vertices. A graph is perfect if the chromatic number equals the maximum clique number for every induced subgraph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-10 Michel Burlet , Frédéric Maffray , Nicolas Trotignon

Given a bridgeless graph $G$, the Cycle Double Cover Conjecture posits that there is a list of cycles of $G$, such that every edge appears in exactly two cycles on the list. This conjecture was originally posed independently in 1973 by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-12 Mary Radcliffe

Let $G$ be a cubic graph admitting a $2$-factor consisting of exactly two odd circuits, and let the complementary $1$-factor contain precisely three spokes (along with an arbitrary number of chords). We show that four perfect matchings can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Ján Karabáš , Edita Máčajová

We show that every bridgeless cubic graph $G$ with $m$ edges has a cycle cover of length at most $1.6 m$. Moreover, if $G$ does not contain any intersecting circuits of length $5$, then $G$ has a cycle cover of length $212/135 \cdot m…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-25 Barbora Candráková , Robert Lukoťka

In a proper edge-coloring of a cubic graph, an edge $e$ is normal if the set of colors used by the edges adjacent to $e$ has cardinality 3 or 5. The Petersen coloring conjecture asserts that every bridgeless cubic graph has a normal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-18 Ligang Jin , Yingli Kang