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We investigate the heating of protoplanetary disks caused by shocks associated with spiral density waves induced by an embedded planet. Using two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, we explore the dependence of shock heating rates on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-21 Tomohiro Ono , Tatsuki Okamura , Satoshi Okuzumi , Takayuki Muto

Recent high-resolution, near-infrared images of protoplanetary disks have shown that these disks often present spiral features. Spiral arms are among the structures predicted decades ago by numerical simulations of disk-planet interaction…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-03 Wladimir Lyra , Alexander J. W. Richert , Aaron Boley , Neal Turner , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Satoshi Okuzumi , Mario Flock

Protoplanetary disks are mainly heated by radiation from the central star. Since the incident stellar flux at any radius is sensitive to the disk structure near that location, an unstable feedback may be present. Previous investigations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sei-ichiro Watanabe , D. N. C. Lin

Spiral density waves are known to exist in many astrophysical disks, potentially affecting disk structure and evolution. We conduct a numerical study of the effects produced by a density wave, evolving into a shock, on the characteristics…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Lev Arzamasskiy , Roman R. Rafikov

Aims: We investigate the evolution of protoplanetary discs (PPDs hereafter) with magnetically driven disc winds and viscous heating. Methods: We consider an initially massive disc with ~0.1 Msun to track the evolution from the early stage…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Takeru K. Suzuki , Masahiro Ogihara , Alessandro Morbidelli , Aurélien Crida , Tristan Guillot

Recent observations of gaps and non-axisymmetric features in the dust distributions of transition disks have been interpreted as evidence of embedded massive protoplanets. However, comparing the predictions of planet-disk interaction models…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-16 Alexander J. W. Richert , Wladimir Lyra , Aaron Boley , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Neal Turner

Protoplanetary disks are believed to evolve on Myr timescales in a diffusive (viscous) manner as a result of angular momentum transport driven by internal stresses. Here we use a sample of 26 protoplanetary disks resolved by ALMA with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Roman R. Rafikov

We describe an analytic model for an evolving protoplanetary disk driven by viscosity and a disk wind. The disk is heated by stellar irradiation and energy generated by viscosity. The evolution is controlled by 3 parameters: (i) the inflow…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-20 John Chambers

Gravitational coupling between protoplanetary discs and planets embedded in them leads to the emergence of spiral density waves, which evolve into shocks as they propagate through the disc. We explore the performance of a semi-analytical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Nicolas P. Cimerman , Roman R. Rafikov

A giant planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk excites spiral density waves, which steepen into shocks as they propagate away from the planet. These shocks lead to secular disk heating and gap opening, both of which can have important…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-15 Satoshi Okuzumi , Takayuki Muto , Ryosuke T. Tominaga , Shizu Shimizu

We analyze two-armed global spiral density wave modes generated by gravitational instability in razor-thin, non-viscous, self-gravitating protoplanetary disks to understand the dependence of spiral arm morphology (pitch angle $\alpha$ and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 Enze Chen , Si-Yue Yu , Luis C. Ho

Context: Planets in accretion disks can excite spiral shocks, and---if massive enough---open gaps in their vicinity. Both of these effects can influence the overall disk thermal structure. Aims: We model planets of different masses and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Alexandros Ziampras , Sareh Ataiee , Wilhelm Kley , Cornelis P. Dullemond , Clément Baruteau

High-resolution imaging of protoplanetary disks has unveiled a rich diversity of spiral structure, some of which may arise from disk-planet interaction. Using 3D hydrodynamics with $\beta$-cooling to a vertically-stratified background, as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Dhruv Muley , Ruobing Dong , Jeffrey Fung

One of the striking discoveries of protoplanetary disc research in recent years are the spiral arms seen in several transitional discs in polarised scattered light. An interesting interpretation of the observed spiral features is that they…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Attila Juhasz , Myriam Benisty , Adriana Pohl , Cornelis Dullemond , Carsten Dominik , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

Circumplanetary disks (CPDs) control the growth of planets, supply material for satellites to form, and provide observational signatures of young forming planets. We have carried out two dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with radiative…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-20 Zhaohuan Zhu , Wenhua Ju , James M. Stone

Protoplanetary disks are the sites of planet formation, and the evolution and eventual dispersal of these disks strongly influences the formation of planetary systems. Disk evolution during the planet-forming epoch is driven by accretion…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Richard Alexander , Ilaria Pascucci , Sean Andrews , Philip Armitage , Lucas Cieza

Canonically, a protoplanetary disk is thought to undergo (gravito-)viscous evolution, wherein the angular momentum of the accreting material is transported outwards. However, several lines of reasoning suggest that the turbulent viscosity…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-01 Kundan Kadam , Eduard Vorobyov , Peter Woitke , Shantanu Basu , Sierk van Terwisga

Accretion discs are ubiquitous in the universe and it is a crucial issue to understand how angular momentum and mass are being radially transported in these objects. Here, we study the role played by non-linear spiral patterns within…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-05-04 Patrick Hennebelle , Geoffroy Lesur , Sébastien Fromang

A global evolution picture of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is key to understanding almost every aspect of planet formation, where standard alpha-disk models have been constantly employed for its simplicity. In the mean time, disk mass loss…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Xue-Ning Bai

Protoplanetary disks are quasi-steady structures whose evolution and dispersal determine the environment for planet formation. I review the theory of protoplanetary disk evolution and its connection to observations. Substantial progress has…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-25 Philip J. Armitage
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