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We assume a distribution of clouds optically thick for electron scattering (OTCM) which are moderately optically thin for absorption and we consider them as a model of the mean quasar spectrum of Laor et al. (1997). We show that the model…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Czerny , A. -M. Dumont

Near-infrared adaptive optics imaging of Uranus by the Keck 2 telescope during 2003 and 2004 has revealed numerous discrete cloud features, 70 of which were used to extend the zonal wind profile of Uranus up to 60\deg N. We confirmed the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Lawrence Sromovsky , Patrick Fry

A method of the calculation of optical parameters of the nonisothermal giant planet atmospheres was developed using detailed intensity data of Raman scattering. We have used the model of Morozhenko (A.V. Morozhenko, 1997) as a baseline. In…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. M. Kostogryz

Thermal radiation becomes a prominent feature in the continuum spectrum of Venus longwards of $\sim$3 $\mu$m. The emission is traceable to the upper cloud and haze layers in the planet's mesosphere. Venus' thermal radiation spectrum is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-07 A. García Muñoz , P. Wolkenberg , A. Sánchez-Lavega , R. Hueso , I. Garate-Lopez

A Uranus orbiter would be well positioned to detect the planet's free oscillation modes, whose frequencies can resolve questions about Uranus's weakly constrained interior. We calculate the spectra that may manifest in resonances with ring…

A large suite of 228 atmospheric retrievals is performed on a curated sample of 19 brown dwarfs spanning the L0 to T8 spectral types using the open-source Helios-r2 retrieval code, which implements the method of short characteristics for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-18 Anna Lueber , Daniel Kitzmann , Brendan P. Bowler , Adam J. Burgasser , Kevin Heng

Brown dwarf spectra are rich in information revealing of the chemical and physical processes operating in their atmospheres. We apply a recently developed atmospheric retrieval tool to an ensemble of late T-dwarf (600-800K) near infrared…

We present a reanalysis of visible/near-infrared (480-930 nm) observations of Neptune, made in 2018 with the MUSE instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Narrow Field Adaptive Optics mode, reported by Irwin et al., Icarus, 311,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-20 P. G. J. Irwin , J. Dobinson , A. James , D. Toledo , N. A. Teanby , L. N. Fletcher , G. S. Orton , S. Pérez-Hoyos

Based on the classical Lorentz model of the index of refraction, a new method is presented for the extraction of the complex index of refraction from the extinction efficiency of homogeneous and layered dielectric spheres that…

Optics · Physics 2022-06-28 Kalpa de Silva , Proity Akbar , Reinhold Blümel

(abridged) We calculate near-infrared thermal emission spectra using a doubling-adding radiative transfer code, which includes scattering by clouds and haze. Initial temperature profiles and cloud optical depths are taken from the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-08 R. J. de Kok , Ch. Helling , D. M. Stam , P. Woitke , S. Witte

We present results from mid-infrared imaging of Uranus at wavelengths of 13.0 micron and 18.7 micron, sensing emission from the stratosphere and upper troposphere, acquired using the VISIR instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT),…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-15 Michael T. Roman , Leigh N. Fletcher , Glenn S. Orton , Naomi Rowe-Gurney , Patrick G. J. Irwin

We imaged Uranus in the near infrared from 2012 into 2014, using the Keck/NIRC2 camera and Gemini/NIRI camera, both with adaptive optics. We obtained exceptional signal to noise ratios by averaging 8-16 individual exposures in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-17 L. A. Sromovsky , I. de Pater , P. M. Fry , H. B. Hammel , P. Marcus

The spectra of brown dwarfs are key to exploring the chemistry and physics that take place in their atmospheres. Late-T dwarf spectra are particularly diagnostic due to their relatively cloud-free atmospheres and deep molecular bands. With…

There are a handful of spectral windows in the near-IR through which we can see down to Venus' surface on the night side of the planet. The surface of our sister planet has thus been imaged by sensors on Venus-orbiting platforms (Venus…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Anthony B. Davis

The aureoles around stars caused by thin cirrus limit nighttime measurement opportunities for ground-based astronomy but can provide information on high-altitude ice crystals for climate research. In this paper we attempt to demonstrate…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2013-07-15 John G. DeVore , Joseph A. Kristl , Saul Rappaport

We developed a simple, physical and self-consistent cloud model for brown dwarfs and young giant exoplanets. We compared different parametrisations for the cloud particle size, by either fixing particle radii, or fixing the mixing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-14 Benjamin Charnay , Bruno Bézard , Jean-Loup Baudino , Mickaël Bonnefoy , Anthony Boccaletti , Raphaël Galicher

Ultra-cool brown dwarfs offer a unique window into understanding substellar atmospheric physics and chemistry. Their strong molecular absorption bands at infrared wavelengths, Jupiter-like radii, cool temperatures, and lack of complicating…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-29 Joseph A. Zalesky , Michael R. Line , Adam C. Schneider , Jennifer Patience

The description, imagery and interpretation of cloud scenes by remote sensing datasets from Earth-orbiting satellites have become a great debate for several decades. Presently, there are many models for cloud detection and its…

Space Physics · Physics 2020-10-07 Rehan Siddiqui , Rajinder K. Jagpal , Sanjar M. Abrarov , Brendan M. Quine

We present ALMA and VLA spatial maps of the Uranian atmosphere taken between 2015 and 2018 at wavelengths from 1.3 mm to 10 cm, probing pressures from $\sim$1 to $\sim$50 bar at spatial resolutions from 0.1'' to 0.8''. Radiative transfer…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-22 Edward M. Molter , Imke de Pater , Statia Luszcz-Cook , Joshua Tollefson , Robert J. Sault , Bryan Butler , David de Boer

We report 8- to 13-micron spectral observations of Neptune and Uranus from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility spanning more than a decade. The spectroscopic data indicate a steady increase in Neptune's mean atmospheric 12-micron ethane…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 H. B. Hammel , D. K. Lynch , R. W. Russell , M. L. Sitko , L. S. Bernstein , T. Hewagama