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We present a categorical viewpoint of probability measures by showing that a probability measure can be viewed as a weakly averaging affine measurable functional taking values in the unit interval which preserves limits. The probability…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-18 Kirk Sturtz

From the Bayesian perspective, the category of conditional probabilities (a variant of the Kleisli category of the Giry monad, whose objects are measurable spaces and arrows are Markov kernels) gives a nice framework for conceptualization…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-06 Jared Culbertson , Kirk Sturtz

We give a conceptual treatment of the notion of joints, marginals, and independence in the setting of categorical probability. This is achieved by endowing the usual probability monads (like the Giry monad) with a monoidal and an opmonoidal…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-03 Tobias Fritz , Paolo Perrone

A symmetric monoidal category naturally arises as the mathematical structure that organizes physical systems, processes, and composition thereof, both sequentially and in parallel. This structure admits a purely graphical calculus. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 Bob Coecke , Raymond Lal

In the field of categorical probability, one uses concepts and techniques from category theory, such as monads and monoidal categories, to study the structures of probability and statistics. In this paper, we connect some ideas from…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-24 Mika Bohinen , Paolo Perrone

This is the first of a pair of papers where we construct and investigate a closed monoidal structure on the category of generalized algebraic theories (in the sense of Cartmell). In the present text, as a starting point, we define the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Daniel Almeida

Probability monads on categories of topological spaces are classical objects of study in the categorical approach to probability theory, with important applications in the semantics of probabilistic programming languages. We construct a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Peter Kristel , Benedikt Peterseim

Constraints are a natural choice for prior information in Bayesian inference. In various applications, the parameters of interest lie on the boundary of the constraint set. In this paper, we use a method that implicitly defines a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Jasper Marijn Everink , Yiqiu Dong , Martin Skovgaard Andersen

Containers represent a wide class of type constructions relevant for functional programming and (co)inductive reasoning. Indexed containers generalize this notion to better fit the scope of dependently typed programming. When interpreting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Michele De Pascalis , Tarmo Uustalu , Niccolò Veltrì

We extend categorical semantics of monadic programming to reversible computing, by considering monoidal closed dagger categories: the dagger gives reversibility, whereas closure gives higher-order expressivity. We demonstrate that Frobenius…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Chris Heunen , Martti Karvonen

The Giry monad on the category of measurable spaces sends a space to a space of all probability measures on it. There is also a finitely additive Giry monad in which probability measures are replaced by finitely additive probability…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-04 Tom Avery

The category of strict polynomial functors inherits an internal tensor product from the category of divided powers. To investigate this monoidal structure, we consider the category of representations of the symmetric group which admits a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-18 Cosima Aquilino , Rebecca Reischuk

Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a small category admitting binary products. We show that the whole theory of monoidal $\mathcal{S}$-fibered categories, which is customarily formulated in terms of the usual internal tensor product, can be rephrased…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Luca Terenzi

The paper is devoted to a categorical study of the category of probabilistic metric spaces. The study is based on an isomorphic description of the category of probabilistic metric spaces. The isomorphic description was obtained in [3] and…

General Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Eva Colebunders , Robert Lowen

We provide a geometric interpretation to Bayesian inference that allows us to introduce a natural measure of the level of agreement between priors, likelihoods, and posteriors. The starting point for the construction of our geometry is the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-24 Miguel de Carvalho , Garritt L. Page , Bradley J. Barney

In recent times, there has been a growing interest in a structuralist understanding of probability, measure and integration theory. The present thesis contributes to this programme in three ways. First, we construct a commutative…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-01 Benedikt Peterseim

We introduce a tensor product for symmetric monoidal categories with the following properties. Let SMC denote the 2-category with objects small symmetric monoidal categories, arrows symmetric monoidal functors and 2-cells monoidal natural…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-11 Vincent Schmitt

We construct a factorization of the Giry monad through the category of convex spaces, and show that, provided that no measurable cardinals exist, probability measures can be viewed as natural transformations. Using the adjunction of this…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Kirk Sturtz

Bayes' rule tells us how to invert a causal process in order to update our beliefs in light of new evidence. If the process is believed to have a complex compositional structure, we may observe that the inversion of the whole can be…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-21 Dylan Braithwaite , Jules Hedges , Toby St Clere Smithe

We show that the Giry monad is not strong with respect to the canonical symmetric monoidal closed structure on the category Meas of all measurable spaces and measurable functions.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-28 Tetsuya Sato
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