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In chemical reaction network theory, ordinary differential equations are used to model the temporal change of chemical species concentration. As the functional form of these ordinary differential equations systems is derived from an…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-27 Anna C. M. Thöni , William E. Robinson , Yoram Bachrach , Wilhelm T. S. Huck , Tal Kachman

Chemical reactions occur in energy, environmental, biological, and many other natural systems, and the inference of the reaction networks is essential to understand and design the chemical processes in engineering and life sciences. Yet,…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-22 Weiqi Ji , Sili Deng

The stochastic dynamics of biochemical networks are usually modelled with the chemical master equation (CME). The stationary distributions of CMEs are seldom solvable analytically, and numerical methods typically produce estimates with…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Juan Kuntz , Philipp Thomas , Guy-Bart Stan , Mauricio Barahona

We show that some natural output conventions for error-free computation in chemical reaction networks (CRN) lead to a common level of computational expressivity. Our main results are that the standard consensus-based output convention have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Robert Brijder , David Doty , David Soloveichik

The thermodynamic and dynamical conditions necessary to observe indefinite growth in homogeneous open chemical reaction networks (CRNs) satisfying mass action kinetics were presented in Srinivas et al. (2023): Unimolecular CRNs can only…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-05 Shesha Gopal Marehalli Srinivas , Francesco Avanzini , Massimiliano Esposito

In this essay, we investigate some relations between Chemical Reaction Networks (CRN) and Mathematical Epidemiology (ME) and report on several pleasant surprises which we had simply by putting these two topics together. Firstly, we propose…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-22 Florin Avram , Rim Adenane , Andrei D. Halanay , Matthew D. Johnston

Stochastic chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are complex systems which combine the features of concurrent transformation of multiple variables in each elementary reaction event, and nonlinear relations between states and their rates of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Eric Smith , Supriya Krishnamurthy

Random graph models have been instrumental in characterizing complex networks, but chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are better represented as hypergraphs. Traditional models of random CRNs often reduce CRNs to bipartite graphs,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-15 Shesha Gopal Marehalli Srinivas , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) are a well-established model of distributed computing characterized by quantities of molecular species that can transform or change through applications of reactions. A fundamental problem in CRNs is the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Divya Bajaj , Bin Fu , Ryan Knobel , Austin Luchsinger , Aiden Massie , Pablo Santos , Ramiro Santos , Robert Schweller , Evan Tomai , Tim Wylie

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are foundational models for describing complex biochemical processes. We study noncompetitive CRNs, a class of networks whose static states are rate-independent, and that can implement ReLU neural networks.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-22 Louis Faul , Xavier Richard , Mary Betrisey , Christian Mazza

We present two quantitative behavioral equivalences over species of a chemical reaction network (CRN) with semantics based on ordinary differential equations. Forward CRN bisimulation identifies a partition where each equivalence class…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-16 Luca Cardelli , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski , Andrea Vandin

The popularity of molecular computation has given rise to several models of abstraction, one of the more recent ones being Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs). These are equivalent to other popular computational models, such as Vector…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Robert M. Alaniz , Bin Fu , Timothy Gomez , Elise Grizzell , Andrew Rodriguez , Marco Rodriguez , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are a standard formalism used in chemistry and biology to reason about the dynamics of molecular interaction networks. In their interpretation by ordinary differential equations, CRNs provide a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-28 Mathieu Hemery , François Fages , Sylvain Soliman

We investigate the density distributions of finite nuclei employing a well-designed deep neural network method. We calculate the target nucleon density distributions with Skyrme density functional theories, which are used to train the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-10-27 Zu-Xing Yang , Wei Zuo , Peng Yin , Xiao-Hua Fan

Principles of feedback control have been shown to naturally arise in biological systems and successfully applied to build synthetic circuits. In this work we consider Biochemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) as a paradigm for modelling…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Max Whitby , Luca Cardelli , Marta Kwiatkowska , Luca Laurenti , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski

We propose a direct optimization framework for learning reduced and sparse chemical reaction networks (CRNs) from time-series trajectory data. In contrast to widely used indirect methods-such as those based on sparse identification of…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-27 Maurice Filo , Mustafa Khammash

A chemical reaction mechanism (CRM) is a sequence of molecular-level events involving bond-breaking/forming processes, generating transient intermediates along the reaction pathway as reactants transform into products. Understanding such…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Ajnabiul Hoque , Manajit Das , Mayank Baranwal , Raghavan B. Sunoj

Information processing relying on biochemical interactions in the cellular environment is essential for biological organisms. The implementation of molecular computational systems holds significant interest and potential in the fields of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Yuzhen Fan , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chuanhou Gao , Denis Dochain

A detailed algorithmic explanation is required for how a network of chemical reactions can generate the sophisticated behavior displayed by living cells. Though several previous works have shown that reaction networks are computationally…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Muppirala Viswa Virinchi , Abhishek Behera , Manoj Gopalkrishnan

We show that if a chemical reaction network (CRN) admits nondegenerate (resp., linearly stable) oscillation, and we add new reversible reactions involving new species to this CRN, then the new CRN so created also admits nondegenerate…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-06-14 Murad Banaji