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Using multiple-choice questions (MCQs) has become a standard for assessing LLM capabilities efficiently. A variety of metrics can be employed for this task. However, previous research has not conducted a thorough assessment of them. At the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ekaterina Goliakova , Xavier Renard , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Thibault Laugel , Christophe Marsala , Marcin Detyniecki

Homotopy perturbation method is used for solving the multi-point boundary value problems. The approximate solution is found in the form of a rapidly convergent series. Several numerical examples have been considered to illustrate the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-10-11 Shahid S. Siddiqiand Muzammal Iftikhar

The challenging problem of conducting fully Bayesian inference for the reaction rate constants governing stochastic kinetic models (SKMs) is considered. Given the challenges underlying this problem, the Markov jump process representation is…

Computation · Statistics 2019-01-10 Andrew Golightly , Emma Bradley , Tom Lowe , Colin S. Gillespie

Today, University Timetabling problems are occurred annually and they are often hard and time consuming to solve. This paper describes Hyper Heuristics (HH) method based on Great Deluge (GD) and its variants for solving large, highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-10 Ei Shwe Sin , Nang Saing Moon Kham

Multivariate time series forecasting is widely used in various fields. Reasonable prediction results can assist people in planning and decision-making, generate benefits and avoid risks. Normally, there are two characteristics of time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Yifu Zhou , Ziheng Duan , Haoyan Xu , Jie Feng , Anni Ren , Yueyang Wang , Xiaoqian Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

Nature, as far as we know, evolves continuously through space and time. Yet the ubiquitous hidden Markov model (HMM)--originally developed for discrete time and space analysis in natural language processing--remains a central tool in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-09 Max Schweiger , Ayush Saurabh , Steve Pressé

Stochastic Spatio-Temporal processes are prevalent across domains ranging from modeling of plasma to the turbulence in fluids to the wave function of quantum systems. This letter studies a measure-theoretic description of such systems by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-25 George I. Boutselis , Ethan N. Evans , Marcus A. Pereira , Evangelos A. Theodorou

We present a multivariate central limit theorem for a general class of interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms used to solve nonlinear measure-valued equations. These algorithms generate stochastic processes which belong to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-01-04 Bernard Bercu , Pierre Del Moral , Arnaud Doucet

Nested multi-step stochastic correction offers a possibility to improve updating algorithms for numerical simulations of lattice gauge theories with fermions. The corresponding generalisations of the two-step multi-boson (TSMB) algorithm as…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Montvay , E. Scholz

We study the fluctuations of the eigenvalues of real valued large centrosymmetric random matrices via its linear eigenvalue statistic. This is essentially a central limit theorem (CLT) for sums of dependent random variables. The dependence…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Indrajit Jana , Sunita Rani

In this paper, we prove the moderate deviations principle (MDP) for a general system of slow-fast dynamics. We provide a unified approach, based on weak convergence ideas and stochastic control arguments, that cover both the averaging and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-02 Matthew R. Morse , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

This paper focusses on the optimal control problems governed by fourth-order linear elliptic equations with clamped boundary conditions in the framework of the Hessian discretisation method (HDM). The HDM is an abstract framework that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-14 Devika Shylaja

A hybrid lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for binary mixtures based on the free-energy approach is proposed. Non-ideal terms of the pressure tensor are included as a body force in the LBM kinetic equations, used to simulate the continuity and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-13 A. Tiribocchi , N. Stella , G. Gonnella , A. Lamura

The large-deviation method can be used to study the measurement trajectories of open quantum systems. For optical arrangements this formalism allows to describe the long time properties of the (non-equilibrium) photon counting statistics in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-06 Adrian A. Budini

The present paper deals with the problem of improving the efficiency of large scale turbulent flow simulations. The high-fidelity methods for modelling turbulent flows become available for a wider range of applications thanks to the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-04-10 Boris Krasnopolsky

A multiscale optimization framework for problems over a space of Lipschitz continuous functions is developed. The method solves a coarse-grid discretization followed by linear interpolation to warm-start project gradient descent on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Nicholas J. E. Richardson , Noah Marusenko , Michael P. Friedlander

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into human-in-the-loop content moderation systems, a central challenge is deciding when their outputs can be trusted versus when escalation for human review is preferable. We propose a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Or Bachar , Or Levi , Sardhendu Mishra , Adi Levi , Manpreet Singh Minhas , Justin Miller , Omer Ben-Porat , Eilon Sheetrit , Jonathan Morra

Modeling the evolution of high-dimensional systems from limited snapshot observations at irregular time points poses a significant challenge in quantitative biology and related fields. Traditional approaches often rely on dimensionality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Justin Lee , Behnaz Moradijamei , Heman Shakeri

We study the exact fluctuating hydrodynamics of the scaled Light-Heavy model (sLH), in which two species of particles (light and heavy) interact with a fluctuating surface. This model is similar in definition to the unscaled Light-Heavy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-21 Shilpa Prakash , Mustansir Barma , Kabir Ramola