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Highlights: \begin{itemize} \item Relativistic effect of crystal dynamics "freezing". \item Non-statistical model of thermodynamic equilibration. \end{itemize} The dynamics of oscillations of a one-dimensional atomic chain is investigated…
There is a long-standing question as to whether and to what extent it is possible to describe nonequilibrium systems in stationary states in terms of global thermodynamic functions. The positive answers have been obtained only for…
According to the second law of thermodynamics the total entropy of a system is increased during almost any dynamical process. The positivity of the specific heat implies that the entropy increase is associated with heating. This is…
We study numerically the thermalisation and temporal evolution of the reduced density matrix for a two-site subsystem of a fermionic Hubbard model prepared far from equilibrium at a definite energy. Even for very small systems near quantum…
Microcanonical thermodynamics allows the application of statistical mechanics both to finite and even small systems and also to the largest, self-gravitating ones. However, one must reconsider the fundamental principles of statistical…
Open quantum systems that comply with the master equation and detailed balance decay in a non-oscillatory manner to thermal equilibrium. Beyond the weak coupling limit, systems that break microreversibility (e.g., in the presence of…
We present a first-principles study of heat conduction in a class of models which exhibit a new multi-step local thermalization mechanism which gives rise to Fourier's law. Local thermalization in our models occurs as the result of binary…
We show how the macroscopic state variables pressure, entropy and temperature of equilibrium thermodynamics can be consistently derived from the (quantum) chaotic spectral structure of one or two particles in two-dimensional domains. This…
This article aims at revisiting, with the aid of simple and neat numerical examples, some of the basic features of macroscopic irreversibility, and, thus, of the mechanical foundation of the second principle of thermodynamics as drawn by…
How thermal equilibrium is determined in a weakly collisional plasma is a fundamental question in plasma physics. This letter shows that the turbulence driven by the magnetic curvature and density gradient tends to equilibrate the…
The earliest molecular dynamics simulations relied on solving the Newtonian or equivalently the Hamiltonian equations of motion for a system. While pedagogically very important as the total energy is preserved in these simulations, they…
Multiscale thermodynamics is a theory of relations among levels of investigation of complex systems. It includes the classical equilibrium thermodynamics as a special case but it is applicable to both static and time evolving processes in…
In this article we study the thermal response functions for two one-dimensional models, namely the Hubbard and spin-less fermion $t$-$V$ models. By exactly diagonalizing finite sized systems we calculate dynamical electrical,…
We reveal several distinct regimes of the relaxation dynamics of a small quantum system coupled to an environment within the plane of the dissipation strength and the reservoir temperature. This is achieved by discriminating between…
A kinetic equation for a dilute gas of hard spheres confined between two parallel plates separated a distance smaller than two particle dimeters is derived. It is a Boltzmann-like equation, which incorporates the effect of the confinement…
The local balance equations for the density, momentum, and energy of a dilute gas of elastic or inelastic hard spheres, strongly confined between two parallel hard plates are obtained. The starting point is a Boltzmann-like kinetic…
We derive thermodynamically consistent models for diblock copolymer solutions coupled with the electric and magnetic field, respectively. These models satisfy the second law of thermodynamics and therefore are therefore thermodynamically…
The question of how systems respond to perturbations is ubiquitous in physics. Predicting this response for large classes of systems becomes particularly challenging if many degrees of freedom are involved and linear response theory cannot…
A model of two-component relativistic fluid is considered, and the thermal nature of coupling between the fluid constituents is outlined. This thermal coupling is responsible for non-ideality of the fluid composite where the components are…
A system of identical bosons with short-range (contact) interactions is studied. Their motion is confined to one dimension by a tight lateral trapping potential and, additionally, subject to a weak harmonic confinement in the longitudinal…