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These notes provide a self-contained introduction to kernel methods and their geometric foundations in machine learning. Starting from the construction of Hilbert spaces, we develop the theory of positive definite kernels, reproducing…

This is a tutorial and survey paper on kernels, kernel methods, and related fields. We start with reviewing the history of kernels in functional analysis and machine learning. Then, Mercer kernel, Hilbert and Banach spaces, Reproducing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-17 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

We investigate a series of learning kernel problems with polynomial combinations of base kernels, which will help us solve regression and classification problems. We also perform some numerical experiments of polynomial kernels with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Chen Li , Luca Venturi , Ruitu Xu

This work proposes kernel transform learning. The idea of dictionary learning is well known; it is a synthesis formulation where a basis is learnt along with the coefficients so as to generate or synthesize the data. Transform learning is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Jyoti Maggu , Angshul Majumdar

Permutation-valued features arise in a variety of applications, either in a direct way when preferences are elicited over a collection of items, or an indirect way in which numerical ratings are converted to a ranking. To date, there has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-24 Horia Mania , Aaditya Ramdas , Martin J. Wainwright , Michael I. Jordan , Benjamin Recht

This survey is an introduction to positive definite kernels and the set of methods they have inspired in the machine learning literature, namely kernel methods. We first discuss some properties of positive definite kernels as well as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-12-04 Marco Cuturi

In this paper we consider the problems of supervised classification and regression in the case where attributes and labels are functions: a data is represented by a set of functions, and the label is also a function. We focus on the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Hachem Kadri , Emmanuel Duflos , Philippe Preux , Stéphane Canu , Alain Rakotomamonjy , Julien Audiffren

Motivated by the growing interest in representation learning approaches that uncover the latent structure of high-dimensional data, this work proposes new algorithms for reconstruction-based manifold learning within Reproducing-Kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Enrique Feito-Casares , Francisco M. Melgarejo-Meseguer , José-Luis Rojo-Álvarez

Various methods in statistical learning build on kernels considered in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. In applications, the kernel is often selected based on characteristics of the problem and the data. This kernel is then employed to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Paul Dommel , Alois Pichler

Function encoders are a recent technique that learn neural network basis functions to form compact, adaptive representations of Hilbert spaces of functions. We show that function encoders provide a principled connection to feature learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Su Ann Low , Quentin Rommel , Kevin S. Miller , Adam J. Thorpe , Ufuk Topcu

We review machine learning methods employing positive definite kernels. These methods formulate learning and estimation problems in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of functions defined on the data domain, expanded in terms of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Thomas Hofmann , Bernhard Schölkopf , Alexander J. Smola

We implement an all-optical setup demonstrating kernel-based quantum machine learning for two-dimensional classification problems. In this hybrid approach, kernel evaluations are outsourced to projective measurements on suitably designed…

In supervised learning, the output variable to be predicted is often represented as a function, such as a spectrum or probability distribution. Despite its importance, functional output regression remains relatively unexplored. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-19 Minoru Kusaba , Megumi Iwayama , Ryo Yoshida

In this paper, we introduce a new image representation based on a multilayer kernel machine. Unlike traditional kernel methods where data representation is decoupled from the prediction task, we learn how to shape the kernel with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-26 Julien Mairal

Any applied mathematical model contains parameters. The paper proposes to use kernel learning for the parametric analysis of the model. The approach consists in setting a distribution on the parameter space, obtaining a finite training…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Vladimir Norkin , Alois Pichler

We consider the problem of learning a set from random samples. We show how relevant geometric and topological properties of a set can be studied analytically using concepts from the theory of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. A new kind of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-26 Ernesto De Vito , Lorenzo Rosasco , Alessandro Toigo

Kernel methods are among the most popular techniques in machine learning. From a frequentist/discriminative perspective they play a central role in regularization theory as they provide a natural choice for the hypotheses space and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-04-17 Mauricio A. Alvarez , Lorenzo Rosasco , Neil D. Lawrence

A structure-preserving kernel ridge regression method is presented that allows the recovery of nonlinear Hamiltonian functions out of datasets made of noisy observations of Hamiltonian vector fields. The method proposes a closed-form…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-07 Jianyu Hu , Juan-Pablo Ortega , Daiying Yin

In this work we introduce KERNELIZED TRANSFORMER, a generic, scalable, data driven framework for learning the kernel function in Transformers. Our framework approximates the Transformer kernel as a dot product between spectral feature maps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Adamos Solomou , Avinava Dubey , Mrinmaya Sachan

Kernels are often developed and used as implicit mapping functions that show impressive predictive power due to their high-dimensional feature space representations. In this study, we gradually construct a series of simple feature maps that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Gurhan Ceylan , S. Ilker Birbil
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