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We consider approximate {\em path-reporting} distance oracles, distance labeling and labeled routing with extremely low space requirement, for general undirected graphs. For distance oracles, we show how to break the n\log n space bound of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-06 Michael Elkin , Ofer Neiman , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

Let $G = (V, E)$ be an undirected graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, and let $\mu = m/n$. A \emph{distance oracle} is a data structure designed to answer approximate distance queries, with the goal of achieving low stretch, efficient…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Avi Kadria , Liam Roditty

We present an approximate distance oracle for a point set S with n points and doubling dimension {\lambda}. For every {\epsilon}>0, the oracle supports (1+{\epsilon})-approximate distance queries in (universal) constant time, occupies space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-08-10 Yair Bartal , Lee-Ad Gottlieb , Tsvi Kopelowitz , Moshe Lewenstein , Liam Roditty

We present a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm running in $O(f(\epsilon)\cdot n \log^4 n)$ time for finding the diameter of an undirected planar graph with non-negative edge lengths.

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-23 Oren Weimann , Raphael Yuster

We present a labeling scheme that assigns labels of size $\tilde O(1)$ to the vertices of a directed weighted planar graph $G$, such that for any fixed $\varepsilon>0$ from the labels of any three vertices $s$, $t$ and $f$ one can determine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Itai Boneh , Shiri Chechik , Shay Golan , Shay Mozes , Oren Weimann

We present a dual fault-tolerant distance oracle for undirected and unweighted graphs. Given a set $F$ of two edges, as well as a source node $s$ and a destination node $t$, our oracle returns the length of the shortest path from $s$ to $t$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Dipan Dey , Manoj Gupta

Given a finite metric space $(V,d)$, an approximate distance oracle is a data structure which, when queried on two points $u,v \in V$, returns an approximation to the the actual distance between $u$ and $v$ which is within some bounded…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Michael Dinitz , Zeyu Zhang

A distance oracle is a compact representation of the shortest distance matrix of a graph. It can be queried to approximate shortest paths between any pair of vertices. Any distance oracle that returns paths of worst-case stretch (2k-1) must…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-01-16 Rachit Agarwal , P. Brighten Godfrey , Sariel Har-Peled

Given an undirected graph $G$ with $m$ edges, $n$ vertices, and non-negative edge weights, and given an integer $k\geq 1$, we show that for some universal constant $c$, a $(2k-1)$-approximate distance oracle for $G$ of size $O(kn^{1 +…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-09-21 Christian Wulff-Nilsen

Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ of $n$ vertices and $m$ edges with weights in $[1,W]$, we construct vertex sensitive distance oracles (VSDO), which are data structures that preprocess the graph, and answer the following kind of queries:…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Ran Duan , Yong Gu , Hanlin Ren

Given an $n$-vertex planar directed graph with real edge lengths and with no negative cycles, we show how to compute single-source shortest path distances in the graph in $O(n\log^2n/\log\log n)$ time with O(n) space. This is an improvement…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-11-30 Shay Mozes , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

Given an undirected weighted graph, an (approximate) distance oracle is a data structure that can (approximately) answer distance queries. A {\em Path-Reporting Distance Oracle}, or {\em PRDO}, is a distance oracle that must also return a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ofer Neiman , Idan Shabat

In 2001 Thorup and Zwick devised a distance oracle, which given an $n$-vertex undirected graph and a parameter $k$, has size $O(k n^{1+1/k})$. Upon a query $(u,v)$ their oracle constructs a $(2k-1)$-approximate path $\Pi$ between $u$ and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Michael Elkin , Seth Pettie

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a weighted undirected graph, with $n$ vertices. A distance oracle is a data structure that can quickly answer distance queries, with some stretch factor. A seminal work of \cite{TZ01}, given an integer $k\ge 1$, provides…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ofer Neiman , Alon Spector

Let $s$ denote a distinguished source vertex of a non-negatively real weighted and undirected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. In this paper we present two efficient \emph{single-source approximate-distance sensitivity oracles},…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Davide Bilò , Luciano Gualà , Stefano Leucci , Guido Proietti

We present the first approximate distance oracle for sparse directed networks with time-dependent arc-travel-times determined by continuous, piecewise linear, positive functions possessing the FIFO property. Our approach precomputes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-21 Spyros Kontogiannis , Christos Zaroliagis

Let $G=(V, E)$ be an undirected $n$-vertices $m$-edges graph with non-negative edge weights. In this paper, we present three new algorithms for constructing a $(2k-1)$-stretch distance oracle with $O(n^{1+\frac{1}{k}})$ space. The first…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Avi Kadria , Liam Roditty

Proximity graph-based methods have emerged as a leading paradigm for approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in the system community. This paper presents fresh insights into the theoretical foundation of these methods. We describe an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Shangqi Lu , Yufei Tao

We show how to preprocess a weighted undirected $n$-vertex planar graph in $\tilde O(n^{4/3})$ time, such that the distance between any pair of vertices can then be reported in $\tilde O(1)$ time. This improves the previous $\tilde…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Itai Boneh , Shay Golan , Shay Mozes , Daniel Prigan , Oren Weimann

We present a new distance oracle in the fully dynamic setting: given a weighted undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n$ vertices undergoing both edge insertions and deletions, and an arbitrary parameter $\epsilon$ where $\epsilon\in[1/\log^{c}…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Bernhard Haeupler , Yaowei Long , Thatchaphol Saranurak