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We propose a non-deterministic two-way quantum key distribution in which the quantum correlation is established by transmitting the randomly polarized photon. We analyze the security of the proposed quantum key distribution against photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Won-Ho Kye

From the perspective of resource theory, it is interesting to achieve the same quantum task using as few quantum resources as possible. Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD), which allows a quantum user to share a confidential key with a…

Quantum communication is an important application that derives from the burgeoning field of quantum information and quantum computation. Focusing on secure communication, quantum cryptography has two major directions of development, namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Junxu Li , Zixuan Hu , Sabre Kais

We provide various schemes for the splitting up of Quantum information into parts using the four and five partite cluster states. Explicit protocols for the Quantum information splitting (QIS) of single and two qubit states are illustrated.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sreraman Muralidharan , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

This study proposes a new lightweight quantum key distribution (LQKD) protocol based on the four-particle cluster state within a quantum-restricted environment. The protocol enables a quantum-capable user to simultaneously establish two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Mustapha Anis Younes , Sofia Zebboudj , Abdelhakim Gharbi

A two-step quantum key distribution protocol using frequency and polarization doubly entangled photons is proposed. In this protocol, information is encoded by a unitary operation on each of the two doubly entangled photons and sent from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-09 Chuan Wang , Wan-Ying Wang , Li Xiao , Gui Lu Long

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first quantum information task to reach the level of mature technology, already fit for commercialization. It aims at the creation of a secret key between authorized partners connected by a quantum…

Since the introduction of quantum computation by Richard Feynman in 1982, Quantum computation has shown exemplary results in various applications of computer science including unstructured database search, factorization, molecular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Hemant Rana , Nitin Verma

Quantum state transfer protocols are a major toolkit in many quantum information processing tasks, from quantum key distribution to quantum computation. To assess performance of a such a protocol, one often relies on the average fidelity…

Quantum information science breaks limitations of conventional information transfer, cryptography and computation by using quantum superpositions or entanglement as resources for information processing. Here, we report on the experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-02 Massimiliano Smania , Ashraf M. Elhassan , Armin Tavakoli , Mohamed Bourennane

All known qudit-based prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (PM-QKD) schemes are more error resilient than their qubit-based counterparts. Their high error resiliency comes partly from the careful encoding of multiple bits of signals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 H. F. Chau

This paper describes an algorithmic system called SQT for the computer simulation of a wide class of quantum experiments on entangled particles. SQT maintains a hidden internal state for each particle and it provides an initialization…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-11-28 John R Rankin

Near-term quantum computers can hold only a small number of qubits. One way to facilitate large-scale quantum computations is through a distributed network of quantum computers. In this work, we consider the problem of distributing quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Ranjani G Sundaram , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

We present an overview of quantum key distribution (QKD), a secure key exchange method based on the quantum laws of physics rather than computational complexity. We also provide an overview of the two most widely used commodity security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-07-15 Alan Mink , Sheila Frankel , Ray Perlner

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are…

Optimizing quantum circuits is challenging due to the very large search space of functionally equivalent circuits and the necessity of applying transformations that temporarily decrease performance to achieve a final performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 Zikun Li , Jinjun Peng , Yixuan Mei , Sina Lin , Yi Wu , Oded Padon , Zhihao Jia

A conception of virtual quantum information bit - virtual qubit - is introduced. It is shown by means of virtual qubit representation that four states of a single quantum particle is enough for implementation of full set of the gates, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Alexander R. Kessel , Vladimir L. Ermakov

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

The rapid growth of quantum information science and technology (QIST) presents unique educational challenges as it brings together students and researchers from many disciplines. This work presents findings from in-depth interviews with…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-12-15 Liam Doyle , Fargol Seifollahi , Chandralekha Singh

We introduce an explicit construction for a key distribution protocol in the Quantum Computational Timelock (QCT) security model, where one assumes that computationally secure encryption may only be broken after a time much longer than the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Francesco Mazzoncini , Balthazar Bauer , Peter Brown , Romain Alléaume