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Wave-particle duality of photons with losses in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiment is done with the standard MZI with the beam splitter or the beam merger being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-10 Chen Yang , Aiai Jia , Xue Deng , Yuchi Zhang , Gang Li , Shiyao Zhu , Tiancai Zhang

The Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is chosen to illustrate the long-standing wave particle duality problem. Why is which-way (welcher weg) information incompatible with wave interference? How to explain Wheeler's delayed choice…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Paul A. Klevgard

Wave-particle duality constitutes one of the most intriguing features in quantum physics. A well-known gedanken experiment that provides evidence for this is the Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.…

Here, we present an analysis and interpretation of the experiment performed by Jacques et al. (2007 Science 315, 966), which represents a realization of Wheeler's delayed-choice Gedankenexperiment. Our analysis is based on the evolution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 M. Bozic , L. Vuskovic , M. Davidovic , A. S. Sanz

Wave-particle duality epitomizes the counterintuitive character of quantum physics. A striking illustration is the quantum delay-choice experiment, which is based on Wheeler's classic delayed-choice gedanken experiment, but with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Kai Wang , Qian Xu , Shining Zhu , Xiao-song Ma

Wheeler has strikingly illustrated the wave-particle duality by the delayed-choice thought experiment, in which the configuration of a 2-path interferometer is chosen after a single-photon light-pulsed has entered it. We present a…

Famous double-slit or double-path experiments, implemented in a Young's or Mach-Zehnder interferometer, have confirmed the dual nature of quantum matter, When a stream of photons, neutrons, atoms, or molecules, passes through two slits,…

Wave particle duality, also called complementarity, is deeply rooted in the heart of quantum theory. It is fully exemplified in the famous Wheeler's delayed choice experiment where the choice of the wave nature (ability to interfere) or the…

Optics · Physics 2018-12-21 Olivier Emile , Janine Emile

A quantum system can behave as a wave or as a particle, depending on the experimental arrangement. When for example measuring a photon using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photon acts as a wave if the second beam-splitter is inserted,…

Light's wave-particle duality is at the heart of quantum mechanics and can be well illustrated by Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment. The choice of inserting or removing the second classical (quantum) beam splitter in a Mach-Zehnder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-06 H. Yan , K. Liao , Z. Deng , J. He , Z. Y. Xue , Z. M. Zhang , S. L. Zhu

In this paper we describe within the formalism of Quantum Optics (QO) a double Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). For single photon Fock states this experimental setup is shown to exhibit a counter-intuitive behavior: for certain values of…

Optics · Physics 2014-07-08 Stefan Ataman

Complementarity, that is the ability of a quantum object to behave either as a particle or as a wave, is one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics. An exemplary Gedanken experiment, emphasizing such a measurement-dependent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-06 F. Kaiser , T. Coudreau , P. Milman , D. B. Ostrowsky , S. Tanzilli

Controversy surrounding the "tunnelling time problem" stems from the seeming inability of quantum mechanics to provide, in the usual way, a definition of the duration a particle is supposed to spend in a given region of space. For this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 D. Sokolovski , A. Matzkin

Wave-particle duality has become one of the flagships of quantum mechanics. This counter-intuitive concept is highlighted in a delayed choice experiment, where the experimental setup that reveals either the particle or wave nature of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Rafael Chaves , Gabriela Barreto Lemos , Jacques Pienaar

In the Schr\"odinger evolution of a quantum state time enters as a real parameter representing the coordinate. In a more consistent approach time should be defined as a quantum observable, with the evolution taking place in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Marek Góźdź , Andrzej Góźdź , Krzysztof Lider

Wave-particle duality and entanglement are two fundamental characteristics of quantum mechanics. All previous works on experimental investigations in wave{particle properties of single photons (or single particles in general) show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-27 Kai Wang , Daniel R. Terno , Caslav Brukner , Shining Zhu , Xiao-Song Ma

The wave-particle duality dates back to Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect through quanta of light and de Broglie's hypothesis of matter waves. Quantum mechanics uses an abstract description for the behavior of physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Xiao-song Ma , Johannes Kofler , Anton Zeilinger

A polarized photon with well-defined orbital angular momentum that emerges from a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is shown to circumvent wave-particle duality. Its polarization-resolved detection probability forms a non-sinusoidal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-29 M. Kolar , T. Opatrny , G. Kurizki

Particle-wave duality enables the construction of interferometers for matter waves, which complement optical interferometers in precision measurement devices. This requires the development of atom-optics analogs to beam splitters, phase…

Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment delays the decision to observe either the wave or particle behavior of a photon until after it has entered the interferometer, and the quantum delayed-choice experiment provides the possibility of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Qi Guo , Wen-Jie Zhang , Gang Li , Tiancai Zhang , Hong-Fu Wang , Shou Zhang
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