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One of the most elementary spreading models on graphs can be described by a fire spreading from a burning vertex in discrete time steps. At each step, all neighbors of burning vertices catch fire. A well-studied extension to model fire…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jannis Blauth , Christian Nöbel , Rico Zenklusen

The Firefighter problem is to place firefighters on the vertices of a graph to prevent a fire with known starting point from lighting up the entire graph. In each time step, a firefighter may be permanently placed on an unburned vertex and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-09-23 Marek Cygan , Fedor V. Fomin , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

In the Firefighter problem, introduced by Hartnell in 1995, a fire spreads through a graph while a player chooses which vertices to protect in order to contain it. In this paper, we focus on the case of trees and we consider as well the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Pierre Coupechoux , Marc Demange , David Ellison , Bertrand Jouve

We investigate a new oriented variant of the Firefighter Problem. In the traditional Firefighter Problem, a fire breaks out at a given vertex of a graph, and at each time interval spreads to neighbouring vertices that have not been…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Julien Bensmail , Nick Brettell

It is well known that fighting a fire is a hard task. The Firefighter problem asks how to optimally deploy firefighters to defend the vertices of a graph from a fire. This problem is NP-Complete on all but a few classes of graphs.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Samuel Hand , Jessica Enright , Kitty Meeks

The firefighter problem is NP-hard and admits a $(1-1/e)$ approximation based on rounding the canonical LP. In this paper, we first show a matching integrality gap of $(1-1/e+\epsilon)$ on the canonical LP. This result relies on a powerful…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Parinya Chalermsook , Daniel Vaz

The firefighter problem with $k$ firefighters on an infinite graph $G$ is an iterative graph process, defined as follows: Suppose a fire breaks out at a given vertex $v\in V(G)$ on Turn 1. On each subsequent even turn, $k$ firefighters…

The firefighter problem is defined as below. A fire initially breaks out at a vertex r on a graph G. In each step, a firefighter chooses to protect one vertex, which is not yet burnt. And the fire spreads out to its unprotected neighboring…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Ming Lam Leung

The Firefighter Problem (FP) is a graph problem originally introduced in 1995 to model the spread of a fire in a graph, which has attracted considerable attention in the literature. The goal is to devise a strategy to employ a given…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Marc Demange , David Ellison , Raffaella Gentilini

We consider the problem of firefighting to save a critical subset of nodes. The firefighting game is a turn-based game played on a graph, where the fire spreads to vertices in a breadth-first manner from a source, and firefighters can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Jayesh Choudhari , Anirban Dasgupta , Neeldhara Misra , M. S. Ramanujan

We consider the complexity of the firefighter problem where b>=1 firefighters are available at each time step. This problem is proved NP-complete even on trees of degree at most three and budget one (Finbow et al.,2007) and on trees of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Janka Chlebíková , Morgan Chopin

The Firefighting problem is defined as follows. At time $t=0$, a fire breaks out at a vertex of a graph. At each time step $t \geq 0$, a firefighter permanently defends (protects) an unburned vertex, and the fire then spread to all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Bireswar Das , Murali Krishna Enduri , Neeldhara Misra , I. Vinod Reddy

In this paper, we consider the \emph{firefighter problem} on a graph $G=(V,E)$ that is either finite or infinite. Suppose that a fire breaks out at a given vertex $v \in V$. In each subsequent time unit, a firefighter protects one vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-20 Tomas Gavenciak , Jan Kratochvil , Pawel Pralat

The firefighter problem is a monotone dynamic process in graphs that can be viewed as modeling the use of a limited supply of vaccinations to stop the spread of an epidemic. In more detail, a fire spreads through a graph, from burning…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-01-03 Ohad N. Feldheim , Rani Hod

Unit disk graphs are the set of graphs which represent the intersection of disk graphs and interval graphs. These graphs are of great importance due to their structural similarity with wireless communication networks. Firefighter problem on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Diptendu Chatterjee , Rishiraj Bhattacharyya

The dynamics of infectious diseases spread is crucial in determining their risk and offering ways to contain them. We study sequential vaccination of individuals in networks. In the original (deterministic) version of the Firefighter…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Guy Tennenholtz , Constantine Caramanis , Shie Mannor

Consider a model of fire spreading through a graph; initially some vertices are burning, and at every given time-step fire spreads from burning vertices to their neighbours. The firefighter problem is a solitaire game in which a player is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Arye Deutch , Ohad Noy Feldheim , Rani Hod

The severity of wildfires can be mitigated adopting preventive measures like the construction of firebreaks that are strips of land from which the vegetation is completely removed. In this paper, we model the problem of wildfire containment…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Marc Demange , Alessia Di Fonso , Gabriele Di Stefano , Pierpaolo Vittorini

We consider a pursuit-evasion game that describes the process of extinguishing a fire burning on the nodes of an undirected graph. We denote the minimum number of firefighters required by ffn(G) and provide almost sharp bounds to this graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Julius Althoetmar , Jamico Schade , Torben Schürenberg

It is known that the online firefighting is 2-competitive on trees (Coupechoux et al. 2019), which suggests that the problem is relatively easy on trees. We extend the study to graphs containing cycles. We first show that the presence of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Max Hugen , Bob Krekelberg , Alison Hsiang-Hsuan Liu
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