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We show that a natural quotient of the projective Fraisse limit of a family that consists of finite rooted trees is the Lelek fan. Using this construction, we study properties of the Lelek fan and of its homeomorphism group. We show that…

General Topology · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Dana Bartosova , Aleksandra Kwiatkowska

The Lelek fan is the only smooth fan that has a dense set of end-points. In this paper, we study non-smooth fans with this property; i.e., we construct an uncountable family of pairwise non-homeomorphic such fans. Furthermore, we prove that…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Iztok Banic , Goran Erceg , Ivan Jelic , Judy Kennedy

We consider a family of inverse limits of inverse sequences of closed unit intervals with a single upper semi-continuous set-valued bonding function whose graph is an arc; it is the union of two line segments in $[0,1]^2$, both of them…

General Topology · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Iztok Banic , Goran Erceg , Judy Kennedy

The Lelek fan $L$ is usually constructed as a subcontinuum of the Cantor fan in such a way that the set of the end-points of $L$ is dense in $L$. It easily follows that the Lelek fan is embeddable into the Cantor fan. {It is also a…

General Topology · Mathematics 2023-05-12 Iztok Banič , Goran Erceg , Judy Kennedy

We introduce a new class of compact metrizable spaces, which we call fences, and its subclass of smooth fences. We isolate two families $\mathcal F, \mathcal F_0$ of Hasse diagrams of finite partial orders and show that smooth fences are…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-05-24 Gianluca Basso , Riccardo Camerlo

Let $X$ be a smooth fan and denote its set of endpoints by $E(X)$. Let $E$ be one of the following spaces: the natural numbers, the irrational numbers, or the product of the Cantor set with the natural numbers. We prove that there is a…

General Topology · Mathematics 2024-01-08 Rodrigo Hernández-Gutiérrez , Logan C. Hoehn

Recent work of Piotr Oprocha and his collaborators has provided a number of delicate examples of dynamical systems separating specification, shadowing, and periodic-point density, primarily in symbolic or totally disconnected spaces. The…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Goran Erceg , James Kelly , Judy Kennedy , Christopher Mouron , Van Nall

We generalize the finite version of Gowers' Ramsey theorem to multiple tetris-like operations and apply it to show that a group of homeomorphisms that preserve a "typical" linear order of branches of the Lelek fan, a compact connected…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-02-15 Dana Bartošová , Aleksandra Kwiatkowska

A fan $F$ is \emph{endpoint-homogeneous} if for any two endpoints $e,e'$ of $F$, there is a homeomorphism $h: F \rightarrow F$ such that $h(e) = e'$. We prove there are uncountably many distinct homeomorphism types of endpoint-homogeneous…

General Topology · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Will Brian , Rene Gril Rogina

We compute the universal minimal flow of the homeomorphism group of the Lelek fan -- a one-dimensional tree-like continuum with many symmetries.

Logic · Mathematics 2017-06-29 Dana Bartošová , Aleksandra Kwiatkowska

We construct a mixing homeomorphism on the Lelek fan. We also construct a mixing homeomorphism on the Cantor fan. Then, we construct a family of uncountably many pairwise non-homeomorphic (non-)smooth fans that admit a mixing homeomorphism.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Iztok Banic , Goran Erceg , Judy Kennedy , Chris Mouron , Van Nall

Suppose G is a topological group containing a (closed) topological copy of the Frechet-Urysohn fan. If G is a perfectly normal sequential space (a normal k-space) then every closed metrizable subset in $G$ is locally compact. Applying this…

General Topology · Mathematics 2011-08-23 Taras Banakh

The secondary fan $\Sigma(k,n)$ is a polyhedral fan which stratifies the regular subdivisions of the hypersimplices $\Delta(k,n)$. We find new infinite families of rays of $\Sigma(k,n)$, and we compute the fans $\Sigma(2,7)$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Laura Casabella , Michael Joswig , Lars Kastner

Motivated by the work of Lov\'asz and Szegedy on the convergence and limits of dense graph sequences, we investigate the convergence and limits of finite trees with respect to sampling in normalized distance. Based on separable real trees,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Gábor Elek , Gábor Tardos

We investigate the projective Fra\"{\i}ss\'e family of finite connected graphs with confluent epimorphisms and the continuum obtained as the topological realization of its projective Fra\"{\i}ss\'e limit. This continuum was unknown before.…

General Topology · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Włodzimierz J. Charatonik , Aleksandra Kwiatkowska , Robert P. Roe

In this note we prove equicontinuity for the family of one-point densities with respect to a two-dimensional Coulomb gas at an inverse temperature $\beta\ge 1/2$ confined by an external potential of Hele-Shaw (or quasi-harmonic) type. As a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Yacin Ameur , Erik Troedsson

Two closely related classes of topological spaces are fences and fans. A fence is a compact metric space whose components are either arcs or singletons. A fan is a continuum formed by joining arcs at a common vertex, in such a way that…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-03 David S. Lipham

We show that if a sequence of dense graphs has the property that for every fixed graph F, the density of copies of F in these graphs tends to a limit, then there is a natural ``limit object'', namely a symmetric measurable 2-variable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Laszlo Lovasz , Balazs Szegedy

An affine tropical fan is called regular if it supports a reduced 0-dimensional complete intersection. For some cases the classification of regular fans is already complete. It was proved by Fink that tropical varieties of degree 1 are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Linxuan Li

We prove that each non-separable completely metrizable convex subset of a Frechet space is homeomorphic to a Hilbert space. This resolves an old (more than 30 years) problem of infinite-dimensional topology. Combined with the topological…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-10-11 Taras Banakh , Robert Cauty
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