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The popular K-means clustering algorithm potentially suffers from a major weakness for further analysis or interpretation. Some cluster may have disproportionately more (or fewer) points from one of the subpopulations in terms of some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guancheng Zhou , Haiping Xu , Hongkang Xu , Chenyu Li , Donghui Yan

The k-means clustering algorithm is a popular algorithm that partitions data into k clusters. There are many improvements to accelerate the standard algorithm. Most current research employs upper and lower bounds on point-to-cluster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Andreas Lang , Erich Schubert

The $k$-means method is an iterative clustering algorithm which associates each observation with one of $k$ clusters. It traditionally employs cluster centers in the same space as the observed data. By relaxing this requirement, it is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-06 Matthew Thorpe , Florian Theil , Adam M. Johansen , Neil Cade

We consider $K$-means clustering in networked environments (e.g., internet of things (IoT) and sensor networks) where data is inherently distributed across nodes and processing power at each node may be limited. We consider a clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Soummya Kar , Brian Swenson

Clustering is a usual unsupervised machine learning technique for grouping the data points into groups based upon similar features. We focus here on unsupervised clustering for contaminated data, i.e in the case where K-medians should be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Antoine Godichon-Baggioni , Sobihan Surendran

We initiate the study of the following general clustering problem. We seek to partition a given set $P$ of data points into $k$ clusters by finding a set $X$ of $k$ centers and assigning each data point to one of the centers. The cost of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Martin G. Herold , Evangelos Kipouridis , Joachim Spoerhase

We show that the popular k-means clustering algorithm (Lloyd's heuristic), used for a variety of scientific data, can result in outcomes that are unfavorable to subgroups of data (e.g., demographic groups). Such biased clusterings can have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mehrdad Ghadiri , Samira Samadi , Santosh Vempala

Counterfactuals have been recognized as an effective approach to explain classifier decisions. Nevertheless, they have not yet been considered in the context of clustering. In this work, we propose the use of counterfactuals to explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Georgios Vardakas , Antonia Karra , Evaggelia Pitoura , Aristidis Likas

Kernel $k$-means clustering is a powerful tool for unsupervised learning of non-linearly separable data. Since the earliest attempts, researchers have noted that such algorithms often become trapped by local minima arising from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-13 Debolina Paul , Saptarshi Chakraborty , Swagatam Das , Jason Xu

We study in this paper the problem of jointly clustering and learning representations. As several previous studies have shown, learning representations that are both faithful to the data to be clustered and adapted to the clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Maziar Moradi Fard , Thibaut Thonet , Eric Gaussier

K-means -- and the celebrated Lloyd algorithm -- is more than the clustering method it was originally designed to be. It has indeed proven pivotal to help increase the speed of many machine learning and data analysis techniques such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Luc Giffon , Valentin Emiya , Liva Ralaivola , Hachem Kadri

Finding the number of meaningful clusters in an unlabeled dataset is important in many applications. Regularized k-means algorithm is a possible approach frequently used to find the correct number of distinct clusters in datasets. The most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Behzad Kamgar-Parsi , Behrooz Kamgar-Parsi

This paper investigates the validity of Kleinberg's axioms for clustering functions with respect to the quite popular clustering algorithm called $k$-means. While Kleinberg's axioms have been discussed heavily in the past, we concentrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Robert Kłopotek , Mieczysław Kłopotek

The k-means objective is arguably the most widely-used cost function for modeling clustering tasks in a metric space. In practice and historically, k-means is thought of in a continuous setting, namely where the centers can be located…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Karthik C. S. , Euiwoong Lee

A new procedure for simultaneously finding the optimal cluster structure of multivariate functional objects and finding the subspace to represent the cluster structure is presented. The method is based on the $k$-means criterion for…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-11 Michio Yamamoto , Yoshikazu Terada

The learning of mixture models can be viewed as a clustering problem. Indeed, given data samples independently generated from a mixture of distributions, we often would like to find the {\it correct target clustering} of the samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-26 Zhaoqiang Liu , Vincent Y. F. Tan

The analysis of continously larger datasets is a task of major importance in a wide variety of scientific fields. In this sense, cluster analysis algorithms are a key element of exploratory data analysis, due to their easiness in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-10 Marco Capó , Aritz Pérez , Jose A. Lozano

We study federated clustering, where interconnected devices collaboratively cluster the data points of private local datasets. Focusing on hard clustering via the k-means principle, we formulate federated k-means as an instance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xu Yang , Salvatore Rastelli , Alexander Jung

Data clustering is an approach to seek for structure in sets of complex data, i.e., sets of "objects". The main objective is to identify groups of objects which are similar to each other, e.g., for classification. Here, an introduction to…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-02-17 Alexander K. Hartmann

Binary matrix factorisation is an essential tool for identifying discrete patterns in binary data. In this paper we consider the rank-k binary matrix factorisation problem (k-BMF) under Boolean arithmetic: we are given an n x m binary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Reka A. Kovacs , Oktay Gunluk , Raphael A. Hauser