Related papers: Two-faced processes and random number generators
To increase the number of wireless devices, e.g., mobile or IoT terminals, cryptosystems are essential for secure communications. In this regard, random number generation is crucial because the appropriate function of cryptosystems relies…
A block cipher is intended to be computationally indistinguishable from a random permutation of appropriate domain and range. But what are the properties of a random permutation? By the aid of exponential and ordinary generating functions,…
Random sampling is a technique for signal acquisition which is gaining popularity in practical signal processing systems. Nowadays, event-driven analog-to-digital converters make random sampling feasible in practical applications. A process…
All quantum random number generators based on measuring value indefinite observables are at least three-dimensional because the Kochen-Specker Theorem and the Located Kochen-Specker Theorem are false in dimension two. In this article, we…
Consider a coin tossing experiment which consists of tossing one of two coins at a time, according to a renewal process. The first coin is fair and the second has probability $1/2 + \theta$, $\theta \in [-1/2,1/2]$, $\theta$ unknown but…
Faced with a sequence of N binary events, such as coin flips (or Ising spins), it is natural to ask whether these events reflect some underlying dynamic signals or are just random. Plausible models for the dynamics of hidden biases lead to…
Here we briefly discuss how negative numbers, or "negative probabilities", can naturally arise in probabilistic expressions and be given an operational interpretation. Like the use of negative numbers in arithmetical expressions, the use of…
Pseudo-Random Bit Generation (PRBG) is required in many aspects of cryptography as well as in other applications of modern security engineering. In this work, PRBG based on 2D symmetrical chaotic mappings of logistic type is considered. The…
Suppose a coin with unknown probability $p$ of heads can be flipped as often as desired. A Bernoulli factory for a function $f$ is an algorithm that uses flips of the coin together with auxiliary randomness to flip a single coin with…
When flipping a fair coin, let $W = L_1L_2...L_N$ with $L_i\in\{H,T\}$ be a binary word of length $N=2$ or $N=3$. In this paper, we establish second- and third-order linear recurrence relations and their generating functions to discuss the…
This article describes a method to turn astronomical imaging into a random number generator by using the positions of incident cosmic rays and hot pixels to generate bit streams. We subject the resultant bit streams to a battery of standard…
Random number generators are widely used in practical algorithms. Examples include simulation, number theory (primality testing and integer factorization), fault tolerance, routing, cryptography, optimization by simulated annealing, and…
Quantum random number generators are a burgeoning technology used for a variety of applications, including modern security and encryption systems. Typical methods exploit an entropy source combined with an extraction or bit generation…
Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) emerged as a promising solution for generating truly random numbers. In the present article, we give an overview of QRNGs highlighting the merits and demerits of various strategies briefly. Then…
Randomness is a critical resource of modern cryptosystems. Quantum mechanics offers the best properties of an entropy source in terms of unpredictability. However, these sources are often fragile and can fail silently. Therefore,…
A recursive random number generator using prime reciprocals is described.
True random number generators (TRNGs) underpin modern cryptography, yet existing implementations face fundamental trade-offs between speed, scalability, and entropy quality. Here, we demonstrate that stochastic switching in the bistable…
A new protocol for quantum key distribution based on entanglement swapping is presented. In this protocol, both certain key and random key can be generated without any loss of security. It is this property differs our protocol from the…
We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical random number generator based on spontaneous symmetry breaking in a coherently-driven Kerr resonator. Random bit sequences are generated by repeatedly tuning a control parameter across a…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can provide genuine randomness based on the inherent unpredictable nature of quantum physics. The extracted randomness relies not only on the physical parts of the QRNG, such as the entropy source…