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The classification of separable operator spaces and systems is commonly believed to be intractable. We analyze this belief from the point of view of Borel complexity theory. On one hand we confirm that the classification problems for…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2016-02-22 Martín Argerami , Samuel Coskey , Mehrdad Kalantar , Matthew Kennedy , Martino Lupini , Marcin Sabok

Deterministic synchronous systems consisting of two finite automata running in opposite directions on a shared read-only input are studied with respect to their ability to perform reversible computations, which means that the automata are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Martin Kutrib , Andreas Malcher

Two different algorithms are presented for generating a quantum circuit realization of a matrix representing a permutation on $2^n$ letters. All circuits involve $n$ qubits and only use multi--controlled Toffoli gates. The first algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Jason Hanson

We introduce a new set of algorithms to compute Jacobi matrices associated with measures generated by infinite systems of iterated functions. We demonstrate their relevance in the study of theoretical problems, such as the continuity of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-11-20 Giorgio Mantica

An $(n+1)$-bit Toffoli gate is mainly utilized to construct other quantum gates and operators, such as Fredkin gates, arithmetical adders, and logical comparators, where $n \geq 2$. Several researchers introduced different methods to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Shanyan Chen , Ali Al-Bayaty , Xiaoyu Song , Marek Perkowski

Finite-order invariants of knots in arbitrary 3-manifolds (including non-orientable ones) are constructed and studied by methods of the topology of discriminant sets. Obstructions to the integrability of admissible weight systems to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Victor A. Vassiliev

Reversible computation has been proposed as a future paradigm for energy efficient computation, but so far few implementations have been realised in practice. Quantum circuits, running on quantum computers, are one construct known to be…

There are various gate sets used for describing quantum computation. A particularly popular one consists of Clifford gates and arbitrary single-qubit phase gates. Computations in this gate set can be elegantly described by the ZX-calculus,…

We investigate (2,1):1 structures, which consist of a countable set $A$ together with a function $f: A \to A$ such that for every element $x$ in $A$, $f$ maps either exactly one element or exactly two elements of $A$ to $x$. These…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-01-06 Hakim J. Walker

MQuantum algorithms of matrix operations are of great significance in many fields in science and technology. In this paper, by leveraging multi-qubit Toffoli gates and basic single-qubit operations, the quantum algorithms of matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Yu-Hang Liu , Yuan-Hong Tao , jing-Run Lan , Shao-Ming Fei

We present a general decomposition of the Generalized Toffoli, and for completeness, the multi-target gate using an arbitrary number of clean or dirty ancilla. While prior work has shown how to decompose the Generalized Toffoli using 0, 1,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-04 Jonathan M. Baker , Casey Duckering , Alexander Hoover , Frederic T. Chong

Reversible logic has attracted much research interest over the last few decades, especially due to its application in quantum computing. In the construction of reversible gates from basic gates, ancilla bits are commonly used to remove…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Siyao Xu

We provide a complete set of identities for the symmetric monoidal category, TOF, generated by the Toffoli gate and computational ancillary bits. We do so by demonstrating that the functor which evaluates circuits on total points, is an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-30 J. R. B. Cockett , Cole Comfort

Essentially, in a reversible programming language, for each forward computation from state $S$ to state $S'$, there exists a constructive method to go backwards from state $S'$ to state $S$. Besides its theoretical interest, reversible…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Naoki Nishida , Adrián Palacios , Germán Vidal

It is well-known that the Toffoli gate and the negation gate together yield a universal gate set, in the sense that every permutation of $\{0,1\}^n$ can be implemented as a composition of these gates. Since every bit operation that does not…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Tim Boykett , Jarkko Kari , Ville Salo

In this paper two important aspects related to Caputo fractional-order discrete variant of a class of maps defined on the complex plane, are analytically and numerically revealed: attractors symmetry-broken induced by the fractional-order…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-04-19 Marius-F. Danca

Two kinds of maps that describe evolution of states of a subsystem coming from dynamics described by a unitary operator for a larger system, maps defined for fixed mean values and maps defined for fixed correlations, are found to be quite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 Thomas F. Jordan

We present a generalization of standard Turing machines based on allowing unusual tapes. We present a set of reasonable constraints on tape geometry and classify all tapes conforming to these constraints. Surprisingly, this generalization…

Logic · Mathematics 2010-05-18 Aubrey da Cunha

Convex sets of completely positive maps and positive semidefinite kernels are considered in the most general context of modules over $C^*$-algebras and a complete charaterization of their extreme points is obtained. As a byproduct, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-05 Juha-Pekka Pellonpää

We give a full description of all sets of functions on the group $(\mathbb{ Z}_p, +)$ of prime order which are closed under the composition with the clone generated by $+$ from both sides. Thereby, we also get a description of all iterative…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-09-16 Sebastian Kreinecker