Related papers: Uniform bounds for Black--Scholes implied volatili…
The implied volatility is a crucial element of any financial toolbox, since it is used for quoting and the hedging of options as well as for model calibration. In contrast to the Black-Scholes formula its inverse, the implied volatility, is…
Economic and financial theories and practice essentially deal with uncertain future. Humans encounter uncertainty in different kinds of activity, from sensory-motor control to dynamics in financial markets, what has been subject of…
We propose a probabilistic framework for pricing derivatives, which acknowledges that information and beliefs are subjective. Market prices can be translated into implied probabilities. In particular, futures imply returns for these implied…
The space of call price functions has a natural noncommutative semigroup structure with an involution. A basic example is the Black--Scholes call price surface, from which an interesting inequality for Black--Scholes implied volatility is…
We prove that if the Black-Scholes formula holds with the spot volatility for call options with all strikes, then the volatility parameter is constant. The proof relies some result on semimartingales (Theorem 2) of independent interest.
We study general properties such as the solution representation of a moving boundary value problem of the Black-Scholes equation, its min-max estimation, lower and upper gradient estimates, and strict monotonicity with respect to the…
Assuming that price of the underlying stock is moving in range bound, the Black-Scholes formula for options pricing supports a separation of variables. The resulting time-independent equation is solved employing different behavior of the…
The purpose of this paper is to construct the early exercise boundary for a class of nonlinear Black--Scholes equations with a nonlinear volatility depending on the option price. We review a method how to transform the problem into a…
In financial mathematics, it is a typical approach to approximate financial markets operating in discrete time by continuous-time models such as the Black Scholes model. Fitting this model gives rise to difficulties due to the discrete…
We derive the Black-Scholes-Merton dual equation, which has exactly the same form as the Black-Scholes-Merton equation. The novel and general equation works for options with a payoff of homogeneous of degree one, including European,…
What kind of implied volatility extrapolation is appropriate? Roger Lee proved that the Black-Scholes implied variance can not grow faster than linearly in log-moneyness. This paper investigates what happens in the Bachelier (or Normal)…
Option contracts can be valued by using the Black-Scholes equation, a partial differential equation with initial conditions. An exact solution for European style options is known. The computation time and the error need to be minimized…
We investigate optimal consumption and investment problems for a Black-Scholes market under uniform restrictions on Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall. We formulate various utility maximization problems, which can be solved explicitly. We…
A bubble is characterized by the presence of an underlying asset whose discounted price process is a strict local martingale under the pricing measure. In such markets, many standard results from option pricing theory do not hold, and in…
In this paper, a new numerical method based on adaptive gradient descent optimizers is provided for computing the implied volatility from the Black-Scholes (B-S) option pricing model. It is shown that the new method is more accurate than…
The Black-Scholes option pricing model remains a cornerstone in financial mathematics, yet its application is often challenged by the need for accurate hedging strategies, especially in dynamic market environments. This paper presents a…
We present a new numerical method to price vanilla options quickly in time-changed Brownian motion models. The method is based on rational function approximations of the Black-Scholes formula. Detailed numerical results are given for a…
In the paper written by Klibanov et al, it proposes a novel method to calculate implied volatility of a European stock options as a solution to ill-posed inverse problem for the Black-Scholes equation. In addition, it proposes a trading…
Exponential L\'evy processes can be used to model the evolution of various financial variables such as FX rates, stock prices, etc. Considerable efforts have been devoted to pricing derivatives written on underliers governed by such…
Empirical studies show that the volatility may exhibit correlations that decay as a fractional power of the time offset. The paper presents a rigorous analysis for the case when the stationary stochastic volatility model is constructed in…