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The block tree [Belazzougui et al., J. Comput. Syst. Sci. '21] is a compressed representation of a length-$n$ text that supports access, rank, and select queries while requiring only $O(z\log\frac{n}{z})$ words of space, where $z$ is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Robert Clausecker , Florian Kurpicz , Etienne Palanga

Semi-directed networks are partially directed graphs that model evolution where the directed edges represent reticulate evolutionary events. We present an algorithm that reconstructs binary $n$-leaf semi-directed level-1 networks in $O(…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-24 Martin Frohn , Niels Holtgrefe , Leo van Iersel , Mark Jones , Steven Kelk

We present an algorithm that, with high probability, generates a random spanning tree from an edge-weighted undirected graph in $\tilde{O}(n^{4/3}m^{1/2}+n^{2})$ time (The $\tilde{O}(\cdot)$ notation hides $\operatorname{polylog}(n)$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-22 David Durfee , Rasmus Kyng , John Peebles , Anup B. Rao , Sushant Sachdeva

Nearest-neighbor search dominates the asymptotic complexity of sampling-based motion planning algorithms and is often addressed with k-d tree data structures. While it is generally believed that the expected complexity of nearest-neighbor…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Valerio Varricchio , Brian Paden , Dmitry Yershov , Emilio Frazzoli

Several structure-learning algorithms for staged trees, asymmetric extensions of Bayesian networks, have been proposed. However, these either do not scale efficiently as the number of variables considered increases, a priori restrict the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-15 Peter Strong , Jim Q. Smith

A consensus tree is a phylogenetic tree that captures the similarity between a set of conflicting phylogenetic trees. The problem of computing a consensus tree is a major step in phylogenetic tree reconstruction. It also finds applications…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-05 Paweł Gawrychowski , Gad M. Landau , Wing-Kin Sung , Oren Weimann

Given a tree of weighted vertices, it is sometimes possible to break the tree into two equally-weighted subtrees within an allowable error. We give a fast algorithm that finds an edge which breaks the tree into equal-weight components or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-13 Corinne Mulvey

We prove that a random labeled (unlabeled) tree is balanced. We also prove that random labeled and unlabeled trees are strongly $k$-balanced for any $k\geq 3$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-07 Azer Akhmedov , Warren Shreve

Imbalanced data occurs in a wide range of scenarios. The skewed distribution of the target variable elicits bias in machine learning algorithms. One of the popular methods to combat imbalanced data is to artificially balance the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Firuz Kamalov , Ashraf Elnagar

Existing parallel algorithms for wavelet tree construction have a work complexity of $O(n\log\sigma)$. This paper presents parallel algorithms for the problem with improved work complexity. Our first algorithm is based on parallel integer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Julian Shun

We present a novel distributed union-find algorithm that features asynchronous parallelism and k-d tree based load balancing for scalable visualization and analysis of scientific data. Applications of union-find include level set extraction…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Jiayi Xu , Hanqi Guo , Han-Wei Shen , Mukund Raj , Xueyun Wang , Xueqiao Xu , Zhehui Wang , Tom Peterka

Computing $k$-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is one of the core kernels used in many machine learning, data mining and scientific computing applications. Although kd-tree based $O(\log n)$ algorithms have been proposed for computing KNN, due to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Md. Mostofa Ali Patwary , Nadathur Rajagopalan Satish , Narayanan Sundaram , Jialin Liu , Peter Sadowski , Evan Racah , Suren Byna , Craig Tull , Wahid Bhimji , Prabhat , Pradeep Dubey

Recent medical image reconstruction techniques focus on generating high-quality medical images suitable for clinical use at the lowest possible cost and with the fewest possible adverse effects on patients. Recent works have shown…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Shijun Liang , Anish Lahiri , Saiprasad Ravishankar

The k-d tree was one of the first spatial data structures proposed for nearest neighbor search. Its efficacy is diminished in high-dimensional spaces, but several variants, with randomization and overlapping cells, have proved to be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-11 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Kaushik Sinha

We propose a transformer architecture and training strategy for tree generation. The architecture processes data at multiple resolutions and has an hourglass shape, with middle layers processing fewer tokens than outer layers. Similar to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hanxiao Wang , Biao Zhang , Jonathan Klein , Dominik L. Michels , Dongming Yan , Peter Wonka

Distributed optimization for resource allocation problems is investigated and a sub-optimal continuous-time algorithm is proposed. Our algorithm has lower order dynamics than others to reduce burdens of computation and communication, and is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-13 Shu Liang , Xianlin Zeng , Guanpu Chen , Yiguang Hong

We present a method that maintains a balanced binary search tree without using any tree balance criterion at all, with the ultimate aim of maximum simplicity. In fact, our method is highly intuitive, and we only need to add minimal extra…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Tae Woo Kim

Given an edge-weighted tree $T$ with $n$ leaves, sample the leaves uniformly at random without replacement and let $W_k$, $2 \le k \le n$, be the length of the subtree spanned by the first $k$ leaves. We consider the question, "Can $T$ be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-04 Steven N. Evans , Daniel Lanoue

By a well known result the treewidth of k-outerplanar graphs is at most 3k-1. This paper gives, besides a rigorous proof of this fact, an algorithmic implementation of the proof, i.e. it is shown that, given a k-outerplanar graph G, a tree…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-25 Ioannis Katsikarelis

The "Subset Sum problem" is a very well-known NP-complete problem. In this work, a top-k variation of the "Subset Sum problem" is considered. This problem has wide application in recommendation systems, where instead of k best objects the k…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Biswajit Sanyal , Subhashis Majumder , Priya Ranjan Sinha Mahapatra