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The short pulses of X-ray free electron lasers can produce diffraction patterns with structural information before radiation damage destroys the particle. The particles are injected into the beam in random orientations and they should be…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-07-31 Miklós Tegze , Gábor Bortel

Modern Flash X-ray diffraction Imaging (FXI) acquires diffraction signals from single biomolecules at a high repetition rate from X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), easily obtaining millions of 2D diffraction patterns from a single…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-28 Jing Liu , Stefan Engblom , Carl Nettelblad

Adaptive physics-informed super-resolution diffusion is developed for non-invasive virtual diagnostics of the 6D phase space density of charged particle beams. An adaptive variational autoencoder (VAE) embeds initial beam condition images…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Alexander Scheinker

Single molecule imaging is one of the main target areas of X-ray free electron lasers. It relies on the possibility of orienting the large number of low counting statistics 2D diffraction patterns taken at random orientations of identical…

Atomic and Molecular Clusters · Physics 2012-11-30 Zoltan Jurek , Gyula Faigel

The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-12 Tomas Ekeberg , Stefan Engblom , Jing Liu

The development of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) has opened numerous opportunities to probe atomic structure and ultrafast dynamics of various materials. Single Particle Imaging (SPI) with XFELs enables the investigation of biological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zhantao Chen , Cong Wang , Mingye Gao , Chun Hong Yoon , Jana B. Thayer , Joshua J. Turner

In single particle coherent x-ray diffraction imaging experiments, performed at x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), samples are exposed to intense x-ray pulses to obtain single-shot diffraction patterns. The high intensity induces…

Atomic and Molecular Clusters · Physics 2013-01-29 U. Lorenz , N. M. Kabachnik , E. Weckert , I. A. Vartanyants

This publication presents an investigation of the performance of different analytical electron ptychography methods for low-dose imaging. In particular, benchmarking is performed for two model-objects, monolayer MoS$_2$ and apoferritin, by…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Hoelen L. Lalandec Robert , Max Leo Leidl , Knut Müller-Caspary , Jo Verbeeck

We demonstrate that in situ coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), which harnesses the coherent interference between a strong and a weak beam illuminating a static and dynamic structure, can be a very dose-efficient imaging method. At low…

Proposals to determine biomolecular structures from diffraction experiments using femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses involve a conflict between the incident brightness required to achieve diffraction-limited atomic…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-19 Harry M. Quiney , Keith A. Nugent

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) of single molecules at atomic resolution is a major goal for the x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). However, during an imaging pulse, the fast laser-induced ionization may strongly affect the recorded…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Zoltan Jurek , Robert Thiele , Beata Ziaja , Robin Santra

Laser-induced electron diffraction is an evolving tabletop method, which aims to image ultrafast structural changes in gas-phase polyatomic molecules with sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. Here, we provide the…

Ultrafast imaging is essential in physics and chemistry to investigate the femtosecond dynamics of nonuniform samples or of phenomena with strong spatial variations. It relies on observing the phenomena induced by an ultrashort laser pump…

Optics · Physics 2021-02-11 Chen Xie , Remi Meyer , Luc Froehly , Remo Giust , Francois Courvoisier

X-ray single particle imaging involves the measurement of a large number of noisy diffraction patterns of isolated objects in random orientations. The missing information about these patterns is then computationally recovered in order to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-25 Kartik Ayyer

A method for the optimisation and advanced studies of a laser-plasma electron injector is presented, based on a truncated ionisation injection scheme for high quality beam production. The SMILEI code is used with laser envelope…

We present results from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) XFEL facility, using a high intensity ($\sim\!10^{20}\,$W/cm$^2$) X-ray pump X-ray probe scheme to observe changes in the ionic structure of silicon induced…

Magnetic particle imaging is a promising medical imaging technique. Applying changing magnetic fields to tracer material injected into the object under investigation results in a change in magnetization. Measurement of related induced…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Stephanie Blanke , Christina Brandt

The challenge of imaging low-density objects in an electron microscope without causing beam damage is significant in modern TEM. This is especially true for life science imaging, where the sample, rather than the instrument, still…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-29 Francisco Vega Ibáñez , Jo Verbeeck

In this work, we present a novel technique to directly measure the phase shift of the optical signal scattered by single plasmonic nanoparticles in a diffraction-limited laser focus. We accomplish this by equipping an inverted confocal…