Related papers: Stefan-Boltzmann law for massive photons
We discuss transormation laws of electric and magnetic fields under Lorentz transformations, deduced from the Classical Field Theory. It is found that we can connect the resulting expression for a bivector formed with those fields, with the…
A hypothetical photon mass, $m_\gamma$, gives an energy-dependent light speed in a Lorentz-invariant theory. Such a modification causes an additional time delay between photons of different energies when they travel through a fixed…
Simple analytic formulas are considered for the energy radiated in low frequency bremsstrahlung from fully ionized gases. A formula that has been frequently cited over many years turns out to have only a limited range of validity, more…
In the standard model of particle physics, photons are mass-less particles with a particular dispersion relation. Tests of this claim at different scales are both interesting and important. Experiments in territory labs and several…
Before we discuss the deflection of light in a gravitational field, we give a brief overview of some basic physical formulas on photon properties, generation and propagation. The much debated problems of the redshift and the photon…
The radiative instability of a beam moving in a photonic crystal of finite dimensions is studied. The dispersion equation is obtained. The law $\Gamma\sim \rho ^{1/\left( {s + 3} \right)}$ is shown to be valid and caused by the mixing of…
Consider the linear Boltzmann equation of radiative transfer in a half-space, with constant scattering coefficient $\sigma$. Assume that, on the boundary of the half-space, the radiation intensity satisfies the Lambert (i.e. diffuse)…
A high energy power law is a common feature in the spectra of many astrophysical objects. We show that the photons in a relativistic plasma with a variable Lorentz factor go through repeated scattering with electrons to gain energy. The…
The integral law of thermal radiation by finite size emitters is studied. Two geometrical characteristics of a radiating body or a cavity, its volume and its boundary area, define two terms in its radiance. The term defined by the volume…
The concept of Scwartzschild radius is extended to the photon and the upper limit imposed on the energy of a photon as a result of the three characteristics of the photon--the constancy of the velocity of light, the spin value of $1\hslash$…
The general form of the Stefan-Boltzmann law for the energy density of black-body radiation is generalized to a spacetime with extra dimensions using standard kinetic and thermodynamic arguments. From statistical mechanics one obtains an…
While the numerical value of the speed of light is known with extraordinary precision, its theoretical definition remains a subject of fundamental interest. We show that the definition of mass and velocity of light follow from the conserved…
The influence of radiative corrections on the photon propagation in a gravitational background is investigated without the low-frequency approximation $\omega \ll m$. The conclusion is made in this way that the velocity of light can exceed…
While it has often been proposed that, fundamentally, Lorentz-invariance is not respected in a quantum theory of gravity, it has been difficult to reconcile deviations from Lorentz-invariance with quantum field theory. The most commonly…
It is pointed out that the traditional explanation for the observation of a non-zero energy h nu for light in free space does not apply for the analogous situation in dispersive media. Because the speed of light u is no longer equal to c in…
We examine the cosmological implications of space-time non-commutativity, discovering yet another realization of the varying speed of light model. Our starting point is the well-known fact that non-commutativity leads to deformed dispersion…
We investigate cosmology of massive electrodynamics and explore the possibility whether massive photon could provide an explanation of the dark energy. The action is given by the scalar-vector-tensor theory of gravity which is obtained by…
The Stefan-Boltzmann (SB) law relates the emissivity $q$, given in $Wm^{-2}$, of an ideal black-body cavity at thermal equilibrium to the fourth power of the absolute temperature $T$ as $q=\sigma T^4$, with $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W…
Classical radiation power from an accelerated massive charge diverges in the zero-mass limit, while some general arguments suggest that strictly massless charge does not not radiate at all. On the other hand, the regularized classical…
We study the blackbody properties and the thermodynamic equilibrium quantities of a photon gas in the framework of nonlinear electrodynamics. In this vein, we take into account the photon propagation in a uniform external magnetic field in…