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Language model architectures are predominantly first created for English and subsequently applied to other languages. It is an open question whether this architectural bias leads to degraded performance for languages that are structurally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Kushal Tatariya , Wessel Poelman , Miryam de Lhoneux

Models of bags of words typically assume topic mixing so that the words in a single bag come from a limited number of topics. We show here that many sets of bag of words exhibit a very different pattern of variation than the patterns that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Nebojsa Jojic , Alessandro Perina

Co-occurrences between two words provide useful insights into the semantics of those words. Consequently, numerous prior work on word embedding learning have used co-occurrences between two words as the training signal for learning word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-06 Danushka Bollegala , Yuichi Yoshida , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

We survey permutation-based methods for approximate k-nearest neighbor search. In these methods, every data point is represented by a ranked list of pivots sorted by the distance to this point. Such ranked lists are called permutations. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Bilegsaikhan Naidan , Leonid Boytsov , Eric Nyberg

We present a class of permutations for which the number of distinctly ordered subsequences of each permutation approaches an almost optimal value as the length of the permutation grows to infinity.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Micah Coleman

Vecchia's approximate likelihood for Gaussian process parameters depends on how the observations are ordered, which can be viewed as a deficiency because the exact likelihood is permutation-invariant. This article takes the alternative…

Computation · Statistics 2018-02-20 Joseph Guinness

Transfer learning approaches for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) train a NMT model on the assisting-target language pair (parent model) which is later fine-tuned for the source-target language pair of interest (child model), with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Rudra Murthy , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

The structure of all the permutations of a sequence can be represented as a permutohedron, a graph where vertices are permutations and two vertices are linked if a swap of adjacent elements in the permutation of one of the vertices produces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

Objections to Darwinian evolution are often based on the time required to carry out the necessary mutations. Seemingly, exponential numbers of mutations are needed. We show that such estimates ignore the effects of natural selection, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-20 Herbert S. Wilf , Warren J. Ewens

We introduce a variant of the $k$-nearest neighbor classifier in which $k$ is chosen adaptively for each query, rather than supplied as a parameter. The choice of $k$ depends on properties of each neighborhood, and therefore may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Akshay Balsubramani , Sanjoy Dasgupta , Yoav Freund , Shay Moran

Languages of the world vary concerning the order of subject, object and verb. The most frequent dominant orders are SOV and SVO, and researchers have tailored models to this fact. However, there are still languages whose dominant order does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jairo Rios-El-Yazidi , Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

In the Yule-Simon process, selection of words follows the preferential attachment mechanism, resulting in the power-law growth in the cumulative number of individual word occurrences. This is derived using mean-field approximation, assuming…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-04 Yasuhiro Hashimoto

Linguistic similarity is multi-faceted. For instance, two words may be similar with respect to semantics, syntax, or morphology inter alia. Continuous word-embeddings have been shown to capture most of these shades of similarity to some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Ryan Cotterell , Hinrich Schütze

We model a social-encounter network where linked nodes match for reproduction in a manner depending probabilistically on each node`s attractiveness. The developed model reveals that increasing either the network`s mean degree or the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-06-22 S. Dipple , T. Jia , T. Caraco , G. Korniss , B. K. Szymanski

Certain concepts, words, and images are intuitively more similar than others (dog vs. cat, dog vs. spoon), though quantifying such similarity is notoriously difficult. Indeed, this kind of computation is likely a critical part of learning…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-05-16 Andrei Amatuni , Estelle He , Elika Bergelson

The Rearrangement Conjecture states that if two words over $\mathbb{P}$ are Wilf-equivalent in the factor order on $\mathbb{P}^\ast$ then they are rearrangements of each other. We introduce the notion of strong Wilf-equivalence and prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-15 Jay Pantone , Vincent Vatter

We consider the problem of upper bounding the number of circular transpositions needed to sort a permutation. It is well known that any permutation can be sorted using at most $n(n-1)/2$ adjacent transpositions. We show that, if we allow…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-02-21 Anke van Zuylen , James Bieron , Frans Schalekamp , Gexin Yu

As neural language models approach human performance on NLP benchmark tasks, their advances are widely seen as evidence of an increasingly complex understanding of syntax. This view rests upon a hypothesis that has not yet been empirically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Nikolay Malkin , Sameera Lanka , Pranav Goel , Nebojsa Jojic

We characterize those strings whose suffix arrays are based on arithmetic progressions, in particular, arithmetically progressed permutations where all pairs of successive entries of the permutation have the same difference modulo the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Jacqueline W. Daykin , Dominik Köppl , David Kübel , Florian Stober

Dependency distance minimization (DDm) is a well-established principle of word order. It has been predicted theoretically that DDm implies compression, namely the minimization of word lengths. This is a second order prediction because it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez