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Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) can share secret keys by using less quantum resource than its fully quantum counterparts, and this likely makes SQKD become more practical and realizable. In this paper, we present a new SQKD protocol by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-03 Wei Zhang , Daowen Qiu

The security of finite-length keys is essential for the implementation of device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD). Presently, there are several finite-size DIQKD security proofs, but they are mostly focused on standard DIQKD…

We present a rigorous and complete security proof of the decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. Our analysis aims to achieve a high standard of mathematical rigour and completeness, thereby providing the necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Devashish Tupkary , Shlok Nahar , Amir Arqand , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We demonstrated ultra fast BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) transmission at 625 MHz clock rate through a 97 km field-installed fiber using practical clock synchronization based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). We succeeded in…

We consider a subcarrier wave quantum key distribution (QKD) system, where the quantum en- coding is carried by weak sidebands generated to a coherent optical beam by means of an electrooptic phase modulation. We study the security of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 A. V. Kozubov , A. A. Gaidash , A. V. Gleim , G. P. Miroshnichenko , D. B. Horoshko

The malicious manipulation of quantum key distribution (QKD) hardware is a serious threat to its security, as, typically, neither end users nor QKD manufacturers can validate the integrity of every component of their QKD system in practice.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

We propose a high-rate scheme for discretely-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DM CVQKD) using quantum machine learning technologies, which divides the whole CVQKD system into three parts, i.e., the initialization part…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Qin Liao , Jieyu Liu , Anqi Huang , Lei Huang , Zhuoying Fei , Xiquan Fu

According to the entropy accumulation theorem, proving the unconditional security of a device-independent quantum key distribution protocol reduces to deriving tradeoff functions, i.e., bounds on the single-round von Neumann entropy of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Michele Masini , Stefano Pironio , Erik Woodhead

In recent years, the gap between theory and practice in quantum key distribution (QKD) has been significantly narrowed, particularly for QKD systems with arbitrarily awed optical receivers. The status for QKD systems with imperfect light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Akihiro Mizutani , Marcos Curty , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Nobuyuki Imoto , Kiyoshi Tamaki

The use of decoy states in quantum key distribution (QKD) has provided a method for substantially increasing the secret key rate and distance that can be covered by QKD protocols with practical signals. The security analysis of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marcos Curty , Tobias Moroder , Xiongfeng Ma , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Norbert Lütkenhaus

One crucial step in any quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme is parameter estimation. In a typical QKD protocol the users have to sacrifice part of their raw data to estimate the parameters of the communication channel as, for example, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Cosmo Lupo , Carlo Ottaviani , Panagiotis Papanastasiou , Stefano Pirandola

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is the only known QKD scheme that can completely overcome the problem of detection side-channel attacks. Yet, despite its practical importance, there is no standard approach…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is known to be unconditionally secure in principle, but quantifying the security of QKD protocols from a practical standpoint continues to remain an important challenge. Here, we focus on phase-based QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-13 Valliamai Ramanathan , Anil Prabhakar , Prabha Mandayam

This study proposes a new lightweight quantum key distribution (LQKD) protocol based on the four-particle cluster state within a quantum-restricted environment. The protocol enables a quantum-capable user to simultaneously establish two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Mustapha Anis Younes , Sofia Zebboudj , Abdelhakim Gharbi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been developed within the last decade that is provably secure against arbitrary computing power, and even against quantum computer attacks. Now there is a strong need of research to exploit this technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-01-30 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Salahuddin Hyder , Mahmood K Pathan , Kashif H Sheikh

The core of security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the estimation of a parameter that determines the amount of privacy amplification that the users need to apply in order to distill a secret key. To estimate this parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-24 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Álvaro Navarrete , Margarida Pereira , Kiyoshi Tamaki

The security of conventional cryptography systems is threatened in the forthcoming era of quantum computers. Quantum key distribution (QKD) features fundamentally proven security and offers a promising option for quantum-proof cryptography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

Two-way Gaussian protocols have the potential to increase quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols' secret-key rates by orders of magnitudes~[Phys.~Rev.~A {\bf 94}, 012322 (2016)]. Security proofs for two-way protocols, however, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Quntao Zhuang , Zheshen Zhang , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

We designed a CV-QKD system with off-the-shelf components and established the feasibility of distributing 67.6 and 66.8 Mb/s secret key rates on average over a 9.5 km SMF link, using respectively probabilistically shaped 64 and 256 QAM, and…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol has been proved to provide unconditionally secure key between two remote legitimate users in theory. Key distribution signals are transmitted in a quantum channel which is established by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Yang-Yang Fei , Xiang-Dong Meng , Ming Gao , Hong Wang , Zhi Ma