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The experimental violation of Bell inequality establishes necessary but not sufficient conditions that any theory must obey. Namely, a theory compatible with the experimental observations can satisfy at most two of the three hypotheses at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-22 Antonio Di Lorenzo

Device-independent randomness generation and quantum key distribution protocols rely on a fundamental relation between the non-locality of quantum theory and its random character. This relation is usually expressed in terms of a trade-off…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-20 Olmo Nieto-Silleras , Cédric Bamps , Jonathan Silman , Stefano Pironio

This short article concentrates on the conceptual aspects of the violation of Bell inequalities, and acts as a map to the 265 cited references. The article outlines (a) relevant characteristics of quantum mechanics, such as statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-29 Brian Drummond

Bell's theorem supposedly demonstrates an irreconcilable conflict between quantum mechanics and local, realistic hidden variable theories. Most proofs of Bell's theorem, are based on inequalities. In this paper we present an alternative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Andrea Aiello

The study of entanglement in particle physics has been gathering pace in the past few years. It is a new field that is providing important results about the possibility of detecting entanglement and testing Bell inequality at colliders for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-20 Alan J. Barr , Marco Fabbrichesi , Roberto Floreanini , Emidio Gabrielli , Luca Marzola

It is widely accepted that the violation of Bell inequalities excludes local theories of the quantum realm. This paper presents a new derivation of the inequalities from non-trivial non-local theories and formulates a stronger Bell argument…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-06 Paul M. Näger

Quantum correlations arising in Bell experiments, involving a physical source that emits a quantum state to a number of observers, have been intensively studied over the last decades. Much less is known about the nature of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-01 Armin Tavakoli

Proofs of Bell's theorem and the data analysis used to show its violation have commonly assumed a spatially stationary underlying process. However, it has been shown recently that the appropriate Bell's inequality holds identically for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Louis Sica

Bell's theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics: it discriminates between quantum mechanics and all theories where probabilities in measurement results arise from the ignorance of pre-existing local properties. We give an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-05 Lorenzo Maccone

Bell inequalities are important tools in contrasting classical and quantum behaviors. To date, most Bell inequalities are linear combinations of statistical correlations between remote parties. Nevertheless, finding the classical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Amit Te'eni , Bar Y. Peled , Avishy Carmi , Eliahu Cohen

Bell's theorem is often said to imply that quantum mechanics violates local causality, and that local causality cannot be restored with a hidden-variables theory. This however is only correct if the hidden-variables theory fulfils an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Jonte R. Hance , Sabine Hossenfelder , Tim N. Palmer

As with entanglement, different forms of Bell nonlocality arise in the multipartite scenario. These can be defined in terms of relaxations of the causal assumptions in local hidden-variable theories. However, a characterisation of all the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-16 Rafael Chaves , Daniel Cavalcanti , Leandro Aolita

(A) Bell's theorem rests on a conjunction of three assumptions: realism, locality and ``free will''. A discussion of these assumptions will be presented. It will be also shown that, if one adds to the assumptions the principle or rotational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marek Zukowski

I explain so-called quantum nonlocality experiments and discuss how to optimize them. Statistical tools from missing data maximum likelihood are crucial. New results are given on CGLMP, CH and ladder inequalities. Open problems are also…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Richard D. Gill

Noncommuting observables cannot be simultaneously measured, however, under local hidden variable models, they must simultaneously hold premeasurement values, implying the existence of a joint probability distribution. We study the joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-30 Omar E. Gamel , Graham R. Fleming

One of the conclusions that Bell drew from his famous inequality was that any hidden variable theory that satisfies Local Causality is incompatible with the predictions of Quantum Mechanics for Bell's Experiment. However, Local Causality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Joanna Luc

A derivation method is given which leads to a series of tight Bell inequalities for experiments involving N parties, with binary observables, and three possible local settings. The approach can be generalized to more settings. Ramifications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marek Zukowski

In a Bell test, the set of observed probability distributions complying with the principle of local realism is fully characterized by Bell inequalities. Quantum theory allows for a violation of these inequalities, which is famously regarded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Mariami Gachechiladze , Bartłomiej Bąk , Marcin Pawłowski , Nikolai Miklin

It is well known that the effect of quantum nonlocality, as witnessed by violation of a Bell inequality, can be observed even when relaxing the assumption of measurement independence, i.e. allowing for the source to be partially correlated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-17 Ivan Šupić , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Nicolas Brunner

The existence of a global causal order between events places constraints on the correlations that parties may share. Such "causal correlations" have been the focus of recent attention, driven by the realization that some extensions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-15 Nikolai Miklin , Alastair A. Abbott , Cyril Branciard , Rafael Chaves , Costantino Budroni