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We present an analysis of the structure of Bell inequalities, mainly for the case of N qubits with two observables each. We show that these inequalities are related to Hadamard matrices and define Bell polynomials (in one variable) as an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guenter Schachner

Quantum theory is inconsistent with any local hidden variable model as was first shown by Bell. To test Bell inequalities two separated observers extract correlations from a common ensemble of identical systems. Since quantum theory does…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-19 Shmuel Marcovitch , Benni Reznik

Full-correlation Bell-like inequalities represent an important subclass of Bell-like inequalities that have found applications in both a better understanding of fundamental physics and in quantum information science. Loosely speaking, these…

Bell inequalities have traditionally been used to demonstrate that quantum theory is nonlocal, in the sense that there exist correlations generated from composite quantum states that cannot be explained by means of local hidden variables.…

Contemporary understanding of correlations in quantum many-body systems and in quantum phase transitions is based to a large extent on the recent intensive studies of entanglement in many-body systems. In contrast, much less is known about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 J. Tura , R. Augusiak , A. B. Sainz , B. Lücke , C. Klempt , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

Bell inequality violation is one of the most widely known manifestations of entanglement in quantum mechanics; indicating that experiments on physically separated quantum mechanical systems cannot be given a local realistic description.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yeong-Cherng Liang , Andrew C. Doherty

The characterization of a quantum system can be complicated by non-ideal measurement processes. In many systems, the underlying physical measurement is only sensitive to a single fixed state, complementary outcomes are inferred by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-24 Kaila C. S. Hall , Daniel K. L. Oi

Bell inequalities play a central role in certifying quantum correlations and underpin protocols such as device-independent quantum key distribution. However, enumerating all Bell inequalities for a given scenario remains intractable beyond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Christian Staufenbiel

The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kees van Hee , Kees van Berkel , Jan de Graaf

We discuss general Bell inequalities for bipartite and multipartite systems, emphasizing the connection with convex geometry on the mathematical side, and the communication aspects on the physical side. Known results on families of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Reinhard F. Werner , Michael M. Wolf

Bell inequalities constitute a key tool in quantum information theory: they not only allow one to reveal nonlocality in composite quantum systems, but, more importantly, they can be used to certify relevant properties thereof. We provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 F. Baccari , R. Augusiak , I. Šupić , J. Tura , A. Acín

Bell inequalities reveal the fundamentally nonlocal character of quantum mechanics. In this regard, one of the interesting problems is to explore all possible Bell inequalities that demonstrate a gap between local and nonlocal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Palash Pandya , Shubhayan Sarkar , Remigiusz Augusiak

We present strategies to derive Bell inequalities valid for systems composed of many three-level parties. This scenario is formalized by a Bell experiment with $N$ observers, each of which performs one out of two possible three-outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Albert Aloy , Guillem Müller-Rigat , Jordi Tura , Matteo Fadel

Various Bell inequalities are trivial algebraic properties satisfied by each line of particular data spreadsheets.It is surprising that their violation in some experiments, allows to speculate about the existence of nonlocal influences in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-25 Marian Kupczynski

Bell's theorem admits several interpretations or 'solutions', the standard interpretation being 'indeterminism', a next one 'nonlocality'. In this article two further solutions are investigated, termed here 'superdeterminism' and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Louis Vervoort

This article contains a review of Nelson's analysis of Bell's theorem. It shows that Bell's inequalities can be violated with a theory of local random variables if one accepts that the outcomes of these variables are not predetermined prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Benjamin Schulz

We provide a framework for Bell inequalities which is based on multilinear contractions. The derivation of the inequalities allows for an intuitive geometric depiction and their violation within quantum mechanics can be seen as a direct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-25 Alejo Salles , Daniel Cavalcanti , Antonio Acín , David Pérez-García , Michael M. Wolf

We present tight Bell inequalities expressed by probabilities for three four- and five-dimensional systems. The tight structure of Bell inequalities for three $d$-dimensional systems (qudits) is proposed. Some interesting Bell inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-09 Jing-Ling Chen , Chunfeng Wu , L. C. Kwek , C. H. Oh

Bell inequalities rely on an assumption that the probabilities of adopting configurations of hidden variables describing a system prior to measurement are independent of the choice of measured physical property, also known as measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Sophia M. Walls , Ian J. Ford

The predictions of quantum mechanics cannot be resolved with a completely classical view of the world. In particular, the statistics of space-like separated measurements on entangled quantum systems violate a Bell inequality. We put forward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-27 Matty J. Hoban