Related papers: Horn Linear Logic and Minsky Machines
Small language models (SLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical reasoning due to limited capacity to maintain long chains of intermediate steps and to recover from early errors. We address this challenge by introducing a hint-assisted…
Milliken's tree theorem is a deep result in combinatorics that generalizes a vast number of other results in the subject, most notably Ramsey's theorem and its many variants and consequences. Motivated by a question of Dobrinen, we initiate…
The need for rigorous process composition is encountered in many situations pertaining to the development and analysis of complex systems. We discuss the use of Classical Linear Logic (CLL) for correct-by-construction resource-based process…
We show that lambda calculus is a computation model which can step by step simulate any sequential deterministic algorithm for any computable function over integers or words or any datatype. More formally, given an algorithm above a family…
In this paper we propose a framework for combining Disjunctive Logic Programming and Poole's Probabilistic Horn Abduction. We use the concept of hypothesis to specify the probability structure. We consider the case in which probabilistic…
Multi-step Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly advanced the mathematical reasoning capabilities of LLMs by leveraging explicit reasoning steps. However, the widespread adoption of Long CoT often results in sequence lengths that exceed…
We present a method for verifying the correctness of imperative programs which is based on the automated transformation of their specifications. Given a program prog, we consider a partial correctness specification of the form $\{\varphi\}$…
The proof of a program property can be reduced to the proof of satisfiability of a set of constrained Horn clauses (CHCs) which can be automatically generated from the program and the property. In this paper we have conducted a case study…
In this paper, we study Cyclic Henkin Logic CHL, a logic that can be described as provability logic without the third L\"ob condition, to wit, that provable implies provably provable (aka principle 4). The logic CHL does have full modalised…
This paper introduces a novel tree-based model, Learning Hyperplane Tree (LHT), which outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) tree models for classification tasks on several public datasets. The structure of LHT is simple and efficient: it…
Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be capable of impressive few-shot generalisation to new tasks. However, they still tend to perform poorly on multi-step logical reasoning problems. Here we carry out a comprehensive evaluation…
Subexponential logic is a variant of linear logic with a family of exponential connectives--called subexponentials--that are indexed and arranged in a pre-order. Each subexponential has or lacks associated structural properties of weakening…
We present Integer Linear Programming (ILP) Modulo Theories (IMT). An IMT instance is an Integer Linear Programming instance, where some symbols have interpretations in background theories. In previous work, the IMT approach has been…
In search for a foundational framework for reasoning about observable behavior of programs that may not terminate, we have previously devised a trace-based big-step semantics for While. In this semantics, both traces and evaluation…
Reasoning about program correctness has been a central topic in static analysis for many years, with Hoare logic (HL) playing an important role. The key notions in HL are partial and total correctness. Both require that program executions…
Human language and logic abilities are computationally quantified within the well-studied grammar-automata hierarchy. We identify three hierarchical tiers and two corresponding transitions and show their correspondence to specific abilities…
Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical tasks, prone to "hallucinating" incorrect answers due to their reliance on statistical patterns. This limitation is further amplified in average Small LangSLMs with…
In branching simulation, a novel approach to simulation presented in this paper, a multiplicity of plausible scenarios are concurrently developed and implemented. In conventional simulations of complex systems, there arise from time to time…
Coinduction occurs in two guises in Horn clause logic: in proofs of self-referencing properties and relations, and in proofs involving construction of (possibly irregular) infinite data. Both instances of coinductive reasoning appeared in…
We introduce DeepPSL a variant of probabilistic soft logic (PSL) to produce an end-to-end trainable system that integrates reasoning and perception. PSL represents first-order logic in terms of a convex graphical model -- hinge-loss Markov…