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We show that covert secret key expansion is possible using a public authenticated classical channel and a quantum channel largely under control of an adversary, which we precisely define. We also prove a converse result showing that, under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Mehrdad Tahmasbi , Matthieu R. Bloch

Quantum physics allows for unconditionally secure communication through insecure communication channels. The achievable rates of quantum-secured communication are fundamentally limited by the laws of quantum physics and in particular by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Cosmo Lupo , Seth Lloyd

Quantum cryptography has been recently extended to continuous variable systems, e.g., the bosonic modes of the electromagnetic field. In particular, several cryptographic protocols have been proposed and experimentally implemented using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-03 Stefano Pirandola , Stefano Mancini , Seth Lloyd , Samuel L. Braunstein

Long-distance quantum communication presents a significant challenge as maintaining the fidelity of qubits can be difficult. This issue can be addressed through the use of quantum repeaters to transmit entanglement information through Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-18 Tasdiqul Islam , Engin Arslan

Quantum amplifier channels are at the core of several physical processes. Not only do they model the optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, but the transformation corresponding to an amplifier channel also describes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-02 Haoyu Qi , Mark M. Wilde

The ability to communicate quantum information over long distances is of central importance in quantum science and engineering. For example, it enables secure quantum key distribution (QKD) relying on fundamental principles that prohibit…

Conventional wisdom suggests that realistic quantum repeaters will require quasi-deterministic sources of entangled photon pairs. In contrast, we here study a quantum repeater architecture that uses simple parametric down-conversion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-24 Hari Krovi , Saikat Guha , Zachary Dutton , Joshua A. Slater , Christoph Simon , Wolfgang Tittel

We propose a new approach to implement quantum repeaters for long distance quantum communication. Our protocol generates a backbone of encoded Bell pairs and uses the procedure of classical error correction during simultaneous entanglement…

We describe a novel protocol for a quantum repeater which enables long distance quantum communication through realistic, lossy photonic channels. Contrary to previous proposals, our protocol incorporates active purification of arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 L. Childress , J. M. Taylor , A. S. Sorensen , M. D. Lukin

Quantum repeaters create long-distance entanglement between quantum systems while overcoming difficulties such as the attenuation of single photons in a fiber. Recently, an implementation of a repeater protocol based on single qubits in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-03 L. Jiang , J. M. Taylor , M. D. Lukin

Quantum repeaters have been proposed as a way of extending the reach of quantum communication. First generation approaches use entanglement swapping to connect entangled links along a long distance channel. Recently, there have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-30 Josephine Dias , Matthew S. Winnel , Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Timothy C. Ralph

We investigate prepare-and-measure scenarios in which a sender and a receiver use entanglement to send quantum information over a channel with limited capacity. We formalise this framework, identify its basic properties and provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Elna Svegborn , Jef Pauwels , Armin Tavakoli

Quantum information degrades over distance due to the unavoidable imperfections of the transmission channels, with loss as the leading factor. This simple fact hinders quantum communication, as it relies on propagating quantum systems. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-29 Filippo M. Miatto , Michael Epping , Norbert Lutkenhaus

We consider the distribution of secret keys, both in a bipartite and a multipartite (conference) setting, via a quantum network and establish a framework to obtain bounds on the achievable rates. We show that any multipartite private…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-01 Siddhartha Das , Stefan Bäuml , Marek Winczewski , Karol Horodecki

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables information-theoretic secure communication, yet its ultimate tolerance to noise and achievable transmission distance remain fundamentally constrained. We establish the maximum quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Stefano Pirandola

Satellite-based quantum repeaters are a promising means to reach global distances in quantum networking due to the polynomial decrease of optical transmission with distance in free space, in contrast to the exponential decrease in optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 V. Domínguez Tubío , M. Badás Aldecocea , J. van Dam , A. S. Sørensen , J. Borregaard

Sending quantum information reliably over long distances is a central challenge in quantum technology in general, and in quantum optics in particular, since most quantum communication relies on optical fibres or free-space links. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Tobias Rippchen , Ludovico Lami , Gerardo Adesso , Mario Berta

We present an exact rate analysis for a secret key that can be shared among two parties employing a linear quantum repeater chain. One of our main motivations is to address the question whether simply placing quantum memories along a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-22 Lars Kamin , Evgeny Shchukin , Frank Schmidt , Peter van Loock

This article explores the application of coding techniques for fault-tolerant quantum computation and extends their usage to fault-tolerant quantum communication. We review repeater-based quantum networks, emphasizing the roles of coding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-08 Ching-Yi Lai , Kao-Yueh Kuo

We propose a scheme for performing quantum key distribution (QKD) which has the potential to beat schemes based on the direct transmission of photons between the communicating parties. In our proposal, the communicating parties exchange…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 David Luong , Liang Jiang , Jungsang Kim , Norbert Lütkenhaus