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Background: Dual-energy CT (DECT) and material decomposition play vital roles in quantitative medical imaging. However, the decomposition process may suffer from significant noise amplification, leading to severely degraded image…

Charged Particle Therapy is a technique for cancer treatment that exploits hadron beams, mostly protons and carbons. A critical issue is the monitoring of the dose released by the beam to the tumor and to the surrounding tissues. We present…

Combining dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with positron emission tomography (PET) offers many potential clinical applications but typically requires expensive hardware upgrades or increases radiation doses on PET/CT scanners due to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Siqi Li , Yansong Zhu , Benjamin A. Spencer , Guobao Wang

Phenomena of electromagnetically induced transparency (PEIT) may be interpreted by the Autler-Townes Splitting (ATS), where the coupled states are split by the coupling laser field, or by the quantum destructive interference (QDI), where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 Yingying Han , Jun Zhang , Wenxian Zhang

Dissipation is introduced to a strongly interacting ultracold bosonic gas in the Mott-insulator regime of a 3D spin-dependent optical lattice. A weakly interacting superfluid comprised of atoms in a state that does not experience the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2014-07-09 D. Chen , C. Meldgin , B. DeMarco

We theoretically study the optical properties of a Fermi-Dirac gas in the presence of a superfluid state. We calculate the leading quantum-statistical corrections to the standard column density result of the electric susceptibility. We also…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 J. Ruostekoski

The performance of direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions relies critically on the coupling of laser energy to the target plasma. Cross-beam energy transfer (CBET), the resonant exchange of energy between intersecting laser…

A theory of electronic transport through molecular wires is applied to analyze characteristics of a long-range electron transfer (ET) through molecular bridges in macromolecules with complex donor/acceptor subsystems. Assuming a coherent…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Natalya A. Zimbovskaya

Since 2016, deep learning (DL) has advanced tomographic imaging with remarkable successes, especially in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) imaging. Despite being driven by big data, the LDCT denoising and pure end-to-end reconstruction…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Wenjun Xia , Hongming Shan , Ge Wang , Yi Zhang

The theory of collisional depolarization of spectral lines by atomic hydrogen (Derouich et al. \cite{derouich1}) is extended to $d$ $(l$=2) atomic levels. Depolarization rates, polarization and population transfer rates are calculated and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Derouich , S. Sahal-Brechot , P. S. Barklem

The development and first applications of a new periodic energy decomposition analysis (pEDA) scheme for extended systems based on the Kohn-Sham approach to density functional theory are described. The pEDA decomposes the binding energy…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Marc Raupach , Ralf Tonner

We present a novel radiation hydrodynamics code, START, which is a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) scheme coupled with accelerated radiative transfer. The basic idea for the acceleration of radiative transfer is parallel to the tree…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Kenji Hasegawa , Masayuki Umemura

We study the optical response of a strongly correlated electron system near the metal-insulator transition using a mapping to the sine-Gordon model. With semiclassical quantization, the spectral weight is distributed between a Drude peak…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-07 D. N. Aristov , Vadim V. Cheianov , A. Luther

X-ray energy spectrum plays an essential role in computed tomography (CT) imaging and related tasks. Due to the high photon flux of clinical CT scanners, most of spectrum estimation methods are indirect and usually suffered from various…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-06-14 Wei Zhao , Lei Xing , Qiude Zhang , Qingguo Xie , Tianye Niu

Knowledge of the electronic stopping curve for swift ions, $S_e(v)$, particularly around the Bragg peak, is important for understanding radiation damage. Experimentally, however, the determination of such feature for light ions is very…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Bin Gu , Brian Cunningham , Daniel Muñoz-Santiburcio , Fabiana Da Pieve , Emilio Artacho , Jorge Kohanoff

We present a computational scheme for extracting the energy level alignment of a metal/molecule interface, based on constrained density functional theory and local exchange and correlation functionals. The method, applied here to benzene on…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-17 A. M. Souza , I. Rungger , C. D. Pemmaraju , U. Schwingenschloegl , S. Sanvito

Purpose: This is a theoretical simulation study for proof of concept of radiochromic film dosimetry to measure physical and biological doses without plan-based quenching correction for patient-specific quality assurance of carbon-ion…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-03-25 Nobuyuki Kanematsu , Taku Inaniwa , Shunsuke Yonai , Hideyuki Mizuno

Inferior soft-tissue contrast resolution is a major limitation of current CT scanners. The aim of the study is to improve the contrast resolution of CT scanners using dual-energy acquisition. Based on dual-energy material decomposition, the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2016-11-15 Wei Zhao , Lu Wan , Bo Zhang , Qiude Zhang , Tianye Niu

Coarse-grained modeling in molecular simulations serves not only to extend accessible time and length scales beyond atomistic limits, but also to reduce high-dimensional chemical data to low-dimensional representations that expose the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Michael N. Sakano , Alejandro Strachan

For the assessment of radiation effects of clinical ion-beams, dosimetry has to be complemented by information on particle-energy distribution or related quantities. Fluorescence nuclear track detectors made from C,Mg-doped alumina single…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-09-22 Steffen Greilich , Leonie Ulrich , Jasper J. M. Kouwenberg , Shirin Rahmanian