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We consider off-policy evaluation (OPE) in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), where the evaluation policy depends only on observable variables and the behavior policy depends on unobservable latent variables. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Chengchun Shi , Masatoshi Uehara , Jiawei Huang , Nan Jiang

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are rich environments often used in machine learning. But the issue of information and causal structures in POMDPs has been relatively little studied. This paper presents the concepts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Stuart Armstrong

In this paper, we are interested in optimal decisions in a partially observable Markov universe. Our viewpoint departs from the dynamic programming viewpoint: we are directly approximating an optimal strategic tree depending on the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Frederic Dambreville

We study the problem of off-policy evaluation (OPE) for episodic Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) with continuous states. Motivated by the recently proposed proximal causal inference framework, we develop a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Rui Miao , Zhengling Qi , Xiaoke Zhang

We study the offline data-driven sequential decision making problem in the framework of Markov decision process (MDP). In order to enhance the generalizability and adaptivity of the learned policy, we propose to evaluate each policy by a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-11 Zhengling Qi , Peng Liao

Partially Observable Monte Carlo Planning (POMCP) is an efficient solver for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). It allows scaling to large state spaces by computing an approximation of the optimal policy locally and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Giulio Mazzi , Daniele Meli , Alberto Castellini , Alessandro Farinelli

Possibilistic and qualitative POMDPs (pi-POMDPs) are counterparts of POMDPs used to model situations where the agent's initial belief or observation probabilities are imprecise due to lack of past experiences or insufficient data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Nicolas Drougard , Florent Teichteil-Konigsbuch , Jean-Loup Farges , Didier Dubois

We consider partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with a set of target states and every transition is associated with an integer cost. The optimization objective we study asks to minimize the expected total cost till the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Martin Chmelík , Raghav Gupta , Ayush Kanodia

This paper describes the structure of optimal policies for infinite-state Markov Decision Processes with setwise continuous transition probabilities. The action sets may be noncompact. The objective criteria are either the expected total…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Eugene A. Feinberg , Pavlo O. Kasyanov

We consider the reinforcement learning problem for partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with large or even countably infinite state spaces, where the controller has access to only noisy observations of the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Semih Cayci , Niao He , R. Srikant

Currently, large partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are often solved by sampling-based online methods which interleave planning and execution phases. However, a pre-computed offline policy is more desirable in POMDP…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yang You , Vincent Thomas , Alex Schutz , Robert Skilton , Nick Hawes , Olivier Buffet

This paper studies the synthesis of a joint control and active perception policy for a stochastic system modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), subject to temporal logic specifications. The POMDP actions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-21 Chongyang Shi , Michael R. Dorothy , Jie Fu

In this paper, we study planning in stochastic systems, modeled as Markov decision processes (MDPs), with preferences over temporally extended goals. Prior work on temporal planning with preferences assumes that the user preferences form a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Hazhar Rahmani , Abhishek N. Kulkarni , Jie Fu

Robust Markov decision processes (r-MDPs) extend MDPs by explicitly modelling epistemic uncertainty about transition dynamics. Learning r-MDPs from interactions with an unknown environment enables the synthesis of robust policies with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yannik Schnitzer , Alessandro Abate , David Parker

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a flexible representation for real-world decision and control problems. However, POMDPs are notoriously difficult to solve, especially when the state and observation spaces are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Michael H. Lim , Tyler J. Becker , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Claire J. Tomlin , Zachary N. Sunberg

This work develops novel strategies for optimal planning with semantic observations using continuous state partially observable markov decision processes (CPOMDPs). Two major innovations are presented in relation to Gaussian mixture (GM)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Luke Burks , Ian Loefgren , Nisar Ahmed

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a general mathematical model for sequential decision-making in stochastic environments under state uncertainty. POMDPs are often solved \textit{online}, which enables the algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yunuo Zhang , Baiting Luo , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Abhishek Dubey

This paper proposes Partially Observable Reference Policy Programming, a novel anytime online approximate POMDP solver which samples meaningful future histories very deeply while simultaneously forcing a gradual policy update. We provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Edward Kim , Hanna Kurniawati

In the real world, planning is often challenged by distribution shifts. As such, a model of the environment obtained under one set of conditions may no longer remain valid as the distribution of states or the environment dynamics change,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Matteo Ceriscioli , Karthika Mohan

Manipulating unknown objects in a cluttered environment is difficult because segmentation of the scene into objects, that is, object composition is uncertain. Due to this uncertainty, earlier work has concentrated on either identifying the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Joni Pajarinen , Jens Lundell , Ville Kyrki