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In the theoretical study of distributed communication networks, "history trees" are a discrete structure that naturally models the concept that anonymous agents become distinguishable upon receiving different sets of messages from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Giovanni Viglietta

When considering the number of subtrees of trees, the extremal structures which maximize this number among binary trees and trees with a given maximum degree lead to some interesting facts that correlate to other graphical indices in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-11 Xiu-Mei Zhang , Xiao-Dong Zhang , Daniel Gray , Hua Wang

Certain families of combinatorial objects admit recursive descriptions in terms of generating trees: each node of the tree corresponds to an object, and the branch leading to the node encodes the choices made in the construction of the…

Abstract separation systems provide a simple general framework in which both tree-shape and high cohesion of many combinatorial structures can be expressed, and their duality proved. Applications range from tangle-type duality and tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-19 Reinhard Diestel

Any function can be constructed using a hierarchy of simpler functions through compositions. Such a hierarchy can be characterized by a binary rooted tree. Each node of this tree is associated with a function which takes as inputs two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Roozbeh Farhoodi , Khashayar Filom , Ilenna Simone Jones , Konrad Paul Kording

We show that all the tangles in a finite graph or matroid can be distinguished by a single tree-decomposition that is invariant under the automorphisms of the graph or matroid. This comes as a corollary of a similar decomposition theorem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-19 Reinhard Diestel , Fabian Hundertmark , Sahar Lemanczyk

We formalize an existing computability-theoretic method of presenting first-order structures whose domains have the cardinality of the continuum. Work using these methods until now has emphasized their topological properties. We shift the…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Jason Block , Russell Miller

Tangle-tree theorems are an important tool in structural graph theory, and abstract separation systems are a very general setting in which tangle-tree theorems can still be formulated and proven. For infinite abstract separation systems, so…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Ann-Kathrin Elm , Hendrik Heine

We generalise structure tree theory, which is based on removing finitely many edges, to removing finitely many vertices. This gives a significant generalization of Tutte's tree decomposition of 2-connected graphs into 3-connected blocks.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-05 M. J. Dunwoody , B. Krön

In this series, we introduce and investigate the concept of connectoids, which captures the connectivity structure of various discrete objects such as undirected graphs, directed graphs, bidirected graphs, hypergraphs and finitary matroids.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Nathan Bowler , Florian Reich

This paper is devoted to a systematic study of a class of binary trees encoding the structure of rational numbers both from arithmetic and dynamical point of view. The paper is divided into two parts. The first one is a critical review of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-05-16 Claudio Bonanno , Stefano Isola

We prove canonical and non-canonical tree-of-tangles theorems for abstract separation systems that are merely structurally submodular. Our results imply all known tree-of-tangles theorems for graphs, matroids and abstract separation systems…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Christian Elbracht , Jay Lilian Kneip , Maximilian Teegen

Trees or rooted trees have been generously studied in the literature. A forest is a set of trees or rooted trees. Here we give recurrence relations between the number of some kind of rooted forest with $k$ roots and that with $k+1$ roots on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Song Guo , Victor J. W. Guo

A Concept Tree is a structure for storing knowledge where the trees are stored in a database called a Concept Base. It sits between the highly distributed neural architectures and the distributed information systems, with the intention of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Kieran Greer

Taking a Feynman categorical perspective, several key aspects of the geometry of surfaces are deduced from combinatorial constructions with graphs. This provides a direct route from combinatorics of graphs to string topology operations via…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2022-01-26 Clemens Berger , Ralph M. Kaufmann

We exhibit an identity of abstract simplicial complexes between the well-studied complex of trees and the reduced minimal nested set complex of the partition lattice. We conclude that the order complex of the partition lattice can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eva Maria Feichtner

Combinatorial objects such as rooted trees that carry a recursive structure have found important applications recently in both mathematics and physics. We put such structures in an algebraic framework of operated semigroups. This framework…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-02-05 Li Guo

A few notes about infinite trees in a descriptive set-theoretic setting.

Logic · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Alexandre Goy

Since they became observable, neuron morphologies have been informally compared with biological trees but they are studied by distinct communities, neuroscientists, and ecologists. The apparent structural similarity suggests there may be…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-06 Roozbeh Farhoodi , Phil Wilkes , Anirudh M. Natarajan , Samantha Ing-Esteves , Julie L. Lefebvre , Mathias Disney , Konrad P. Kording

This work addresses the intrinsic relationship between trees and networks (i.e. graphs). A complete (invertible) mapping is presented which allows trees to be mapped into weighted graphs and then backmapped into the original tree without…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-08-07 Luciano da Fontoura Costa , Francisco Aparecido Rodrigues