Related papers: Non-signalling theories and generalized probabilit…
A well known cryptographic primitive is so called random access code. Namely, Alice is to send to Bob one of two bits, so that Bob has the choice which bit he wants to learn about. However at any time Alice should not learn Bob's choice,…
Non-local correlations are among the most fascinating features of quantum theory from the point of view of information: Such correlations, although not allowing for signaling, are unexplainable by pre-shared information. The correlations…
Causality is one of the most fundamental notions in physics. Generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) and the process matrix framework incorporate it in different forms. However, a direct connection between these frameworks remains…
A classical non-signalling (or causal) box is an operation on classical bipartite input with classical bipartite output such that no signal can be sent from a party to the other through the use of the box. The quantum counterpart of such…
Periodic and semi periodic patterns are very common in nature. In this paper we introduce a topological toolbox aiming in detecting and quantifying periodicity. The presented technique is of a general nature and may be employed wherever…
We first present a protocol for deterministically distilling non-locality, building upon a recent result of Forster et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 120401 (2009)]. Our protocol, which is optimal for two-copy distillation, works efficiently…
Inspired by the intimate relationship between Voiculescu's noncommutative probability theory (of type A) and large-N matrix models in physics, we look for physical models related to noncommutative probability theory of type B. These turn…
The emergence of tools based on artificial intelligence has also led to the need of producing explanations which are understandable by a human being. In most approaches, the system is considered a black box, making it difficult to generate…
Characterizing quantum correlations in terms of information-theoretic principles is a popular chapter of quantum foundations. Traditionally, the principles adopted for this scope have been expressed in terms of conditional probability…
A non-Boolean extension of the classical probability model is proposed. The non-Boolean probabilities reproduce typical quantum phenomena. The proposed model is more general and more abstract, but easier to interpret, than the quantum…
This paper assumes a robust, in general not dominated, probabilistic framework and provides necessary and sufficient conditions for a bipolar representation of subsets of the set of all quasi-sure equivalence classes of non-negative random…
The generation of comprehensible explanations is an essential feature of modern artificial intelligence systems. In this work, we consider probabilistic logic programming, an extension of logic programming which can be useful to model…
We consider quantum ensembles which are determined by pre- and post-selection. Unlike the case of only pre-selected ensembles, we show that in this case the probabilities for measurement outcomes at intermediate times satisfy causality only…
I propose a new class of interpretations, {\it real world interpretations}, of the quantum theory of closed systems. These interpretations postulate a preferred factorization of Hilbert space and preferred projective measurements on one…
Bell nonlocality exemplifies the most profound departure of quantum theory from classical realism. Yet, the extent of nonlocality in quantum theory is intrinsically bounded, falling short of the correlations permitted by the relativistic…
Any quasi-probability representation of a no-signaling system -- including quantum systems -- can be simulated via a purely classical scheme by allowing signed events and a cancellation procedure. This raises a fundamental question: What…
From behavioral sciences to biology to quantum mechanics, one encounters situations where (i) a system outputs several random variables in response to several inputs, (ii) for each of these responses only some of the inputs may "directly"…
The combination of argumentation and probability paves the way to new accounts of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty, thereby offering new theoretical and applicative opportunities. Due to a variety of interests, probabilistic…
No-Signalling is a fundamental constraint on the probabilistic predictions made by physical theories. It is usually justified in terms of the constraints imposed by special relativity. However, this justification is not as clear-cut as is…
We explore the relationship between possibility measures (supremum preserving normed measures) and p-boxes (pairs of cumulative distribution functions) on totally preordered spaces, extending earlier work in this direction by De Cooman and…