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Principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in exploring data. The conventional approach to PCA leads to a solution which favours the structures with large variances. This is sensitive to outliers and could obfuscate interesting…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-16 A. A. Akinduko , A. N. Gorban

Multivariate data are typically represented by a rectangular matrix (table) in which the rows are the objects (cases) and the columns are the variables (measurements). When there are many variables one often reduces the dimension by…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-13 Mia Hubert , Peter J. Rousseeuw , Wannes Van den Bossche

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction and data analysis. However, PCA results are adversely affected by outliers often observed in real-world data. Existing robust PCA methods are often…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Timbwaoga Aime Judicael Ouermi , Jixian Li , Chris R. Johnson

Principal component analysis (PCA), along with its extensions to manifolds and outlier contaminated data, have been indispensable in computer vision and machine learning. In this work, we present a unifying formalism for PCA and its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Nathan Mankovich , Gustau Camps-Valls , Tolga Birdal

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) has emerged as a powerful technique for modern data analysis, providing improved interpretation of low-rank structures by identifying localized spatial structures in the data and disambiguating…

This paper explores and analyzes two randomized designs for robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA) employing low-dimensional data sketching. In one design, a data sketch is constructed using random column sampling followed by low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-21 Mostafa Rahmani , George Atia

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension reduction technique for vector data. Factored PCA (FPCA) is a probabilistic extension of PCA for matrix data, which can substantially reduce the number of parameters in PCA while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Xuan Ma , Jianhua Zhao , Yue Wang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction and multivariate statistical techniques. From a probabilistic perspective, PCA seeks a low-dimensional representation of data in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Chihao Zhang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang

We consider the problem of robust compressed sensing whose objective is to recover a high-dimensional sparse signal from compressed measurements corrupted by outliers. A new sparse Bayesian learning method is developed for robust compressed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-24 Qian Wan , Huiping Duan , Jun Fang , Hongbin Li

The problem of recovering a low-rank matrix from a set of observations corrupted with gross sparse error is known as the robust principal component analysis (RPCA) and has many applications in computer vision, image processing and web data…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-09-27 Necdet Serhat Aybat , Donald Goldfarb , Shiqian Ma

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

Efficient representations of data are essential for processing, exploration, and human understanding, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most common dimensionality reduction techniques used for the analysis of large,…

Computation · Statistics 2023-11-06 Olga Dorabiala , Aleksandr Aravkin , J. Nathan Kutz

Multivariate binary data is becoming abundant in current biological research. Logistic principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the commonly used tools to explore the relationships inside a multivariate binary data set by exploiting the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-15 Yipeng Song , Johan A. Westerhuis , Age K. Smilde

This paper will serve as an introduction to the body of work on robust subspace recovery. Robust subspace recovery involves finding an underlying low-dimensional subspace in a dataset that is possibly corrupted with outliers. While this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Gilad Lerman , Tyler Maunu

Matrix low rank approximation including the classical PCA and the robust PCA (RPCA) method have been applied to solve the background modeling problem in video analysis. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a special weighted low rank…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-21 Aritra Dutta , Xin Li

Recent methods for learning a linear subspace from data corrupted by outliers are based on convex $\ell_1$ and nuclear norm optimization and require the dimension of the subspace and the number of outliers to be sufficiently small. In sharp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Zhihui Zhu , Yifan Wang , Daniel P. Robinson , Daniel Q. Naiman , Rene Vidal , Manolis C. Tsakiris

Sparse Principal Components Analysis aims to find principal components with few non-zero loadings. We derive such sparse solutions by adding a genuine sparsity requirement to the original Principal Components Analysis (PCA) objective…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-08-19 Giovanni Maria Merola

We revisit the problem of fair principal component analysis (PCA), where the goal is to learn the best low-rank linear approximation of the data that obfuscates demographic information. We propose a conceptually simple approach that allows…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-28 Matthäus Kleindessner , Michele Donini , Chris Russell , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Modern machine learning applications should be able to address the intrinsic challenges arising over inference on massive real-world datasets, including scalability and robustness to outliers. Despite the multiple benefits of Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Dionysis Manousakas , Cecilia Mascolo

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the workhorse tool for dimensionality reduction in this era of big data. While often overlooked, the purpose of PCA is not only to reduce data dimensionality, but also to yield features that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa