Related papers: Unification of Force and Substance
Einstein's contribution to relativity is reviewed. It is pointed out that Weyl gave first unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism and it was different than the five dimensional theory of Kaluza. Einstein began his work on…
The unified field is a Maxwell-Lorentz field. Maxwell-Lorentz equations for potentials in standard four-dimensional form are satisfied exactly. This is achieved by involving new fundamental field sources, strict definition of which requires…
In the last 100 years, the most important equations in physics are Maxwell's equations for electrodynamics, Einstein's equation for gravity, Dirac's equation for the electron and Yang-Mills equation for elementary particles. Do these…
In this paper we revisit the motivation and construction of a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism, following Weyl's insights regarding the appealing potential connection between the gauge invariance of electromagnetism and the…
Some mathematical inconsistencies in the conventional form of Maxwell's equations extended by Lorentz for a single charge system are discussed. To surmount these in framework of Maxwellian theory, a novel convection displacement current is…
The structure of electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potential is defined uniquely. Therefore, the approach where Maxwell…
On transformation to the Fourier space $({\bf k}, \omega)$, the partial differential Maxwell equations simplify to algebraic equations, and the Helmholtz theorem of vector calculus reduces to vector algebraic projections. Maxwell equations…
We review, in a historical perspective, developments in physics which led to the emergence of unifying ideas and theories. Some attention is paid to the theoretical programme that started in the second decade of the XXth century and whose…
Gauge theory, which is the basis of all particle physics, is itself based on a few fundamental concepts, the consequences of which are often as beautiful as they are deep. In this short lecture course I shall try to give an introduction to…
In the last 175 years, the physical understanding of nature has seen a revolutionary change. Until about 1850, Newton's theory and the mechanical world view derived from it provided the dominant view of the physical world, later…
In Maxwell's classical theory of electrodynamics the fields are frequently expressed by potentials in order to facilitate the solution of the first order system of equations. This method obscures, however, that there exists an inconsistency…
Since the Maxwell theory of electromagnetic phenomena is a gauge theory, it is quite important to evaluate the zero-point energy of the quantized electromagnetic field by a careful assignment of boundary conditions on the potential and on…
In 1861, James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity, magnetism and light. Today physicists are trying to unify everthing else theoretically as well as experimentally with a view to develop a fundamental theory.
Is there an absolute cosmic electric potential?. The recent discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe could be indicating that this is certainly the case. In this essay we show that the consistency of the covariant and gauge…
Unification of gravity and electromagnetism based on a theory with an affine non-symmetric connection $\Gamma^\lambda_{\mu\nu} \neq \Gamma^\lambda_{\nu\mu}$ and $\Gamma_\mu = \Gamma^\lambda_{[\mu\lambda]}\neq 0$, proposed by S. N. Bose in…
Einstein utilized Lorentz invariance from Maxwell's equations to modify mechanical laws and establish the special theory of relativity. Similarly, we may have a different theory if there exists another covariance of Maxwell's equations. In…
Newton's mechanical revolution unifies the motion of planets in the sky and falling of apple on earth. Maxwell's electromagnetic revolution unifies electricity, magnetism, and light. Einstein's relativity revolution unifies space with time,…
It is first argued that radiation by a uniformly accelerated charge in flat space-time indicates the need for a unified geometric theory of gravity and electromagnetism. Such a theory, based on a metric-affine $U_4$ manifold, is constructed…
A goal of physics is to understand the greatest possible breadth of natural phenomena in terms of the most economical set of basic concepts. However, as the understanding of physics has developed historically, its pedagogy and language have…
A conformal gauge theory is used to describe and unify myriad electromechanical and magnetomechanical coupling effects observed in solid continua. Using a space-time pseudo-Riemannian metric in a finite-deformation setup and exploiting the…