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In convolutional neural networks (CNNs), pooling operations play important roles such as dimensionality reduction and deformation compensation. In general, max pooling, which is the most widely used operation for local pooling, is performed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Takato Otsuzuki , Hideaki Hayashi , Yuchen Zheng , Seiichi Uchida

Nowadays, Deep Neural Networks are among the main tools used in various sciences. Convolutional Neural Network is a special type of DNN consisting of several convolution layers, each followed by an activation function and a pooling layer.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Hossein Gholamalinezhad , Hossein Khosravi

Dropout is a very effective way of regularizing neural networks. Stochastically "dropping out" units with a certain probability discourages over-specific co-adaptations of feature detectors, preventing overfitting and improving network…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Pietro Morerio , Jacopo Cavazza , Riccardo Volpi , Rene Vidal , Vittorio Murino

Despite dropout's ubiquity in machine learning, its effectiveness as a form of data augmentation remains under-explored. We address two key questions: (i) When is dropout effective as an augmentation strategy? (ii) Is dropout uniquely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Rickard Brüel-Gabrielsson , Tongzhou Wang , Manel Baradad , Justin Solomon

Dropout has been proven to be an effective algorithm for training robust deep networks because of its ability to prevent overfitting by avoiding the co-adaptation of feature detectors. Current explanations of dropout include bagging, naive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Xu Shen , Xinmei Tian , Tongliang Liu , Fang Xu , Dacheng Tao

Dropout is typically interpreted as bagging a large number of models sharing parameters. We show that using dropout in a network can also be interpreted as a kind of data augmentation in the input space without domain knowledge. We present…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-01-11 Xavier Bouthillier , Kishore Konda , Pascal Vincent , Roland Memisevic

For the stable optimization of deep neural networks, regularization methods such as dropout and batch normalization have been used in various tasks. Nevertheless, the correct position to apply dropout has rarely been discussed, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Bum Jun Kim , Hyeyeon Choi , Hyeonah Jang , Donggeon Lee , Sang Woo Kim

Dropout, a simple and effective way to train deep neural networks, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes and spawned many recent theoretical investigations. However, the gap between dropout's training and inference phases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Xuezhe Ma , Yingkai Gao , Zhiting Hu , Yaoliang Yu , Yuntian Deng , Eduard Hovy

Deep Neural Networks often require good regularizers to generalize well. Dropout is one such regularizer that is widely used among Deep Learning practitioners. Recent work has shown that Dropout can also be viewed as performing Approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Suraj Srinivas , R. Venkatesh Babu

We propose a novel pooling strategy that learns how to adaptively rank deep convolutional features for selecting more informative representations. To this end, we exploit discriminative analysis to project the features onto a space spanned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-23 Arash Shahriari , Fatih Porikli

Most convolutional neural networks use some method for gradually downscaling the size of the hidden layers. This is commonly referred to as pooling, and is applied to reduce the number of parameters, improve invariance to certain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Faraz Saeedan , Nicolas Weber , Michael Goesele , Stefan Roth

Dropout is a well-known regularization method by sampling a sub-network from a larger deep neural network and training different sub-networks on different subsets of the data. Inspired by the dropout concept, we propose EDropout as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Hojjat Salehinejad , Shahrokh Valaee

Convolutional Neural networks (CNNs) based applications have become ubiquitous, where proper regularization is greatly needed. To prevent large neural network models from overfitting, dropout has been widely used as an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Shaofeng Cai , Yao Shu , Gang Chen , Beng Chin Ooi , Wei Wang , Meihui Zhang

Convolutional networks almost always incorporate some form of spatial pooling, and very often it is alpha times alpha max-pooling with alpha=2. Max-pooling act on the hidden layers of the network, reducing their size by an integer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Benjamin Graham

We present generalized versions of the commonly used maximum pooling operation: $k$th maximum and sorted pooling operations which selects the $k$th largest response in each pooling region, selecting locally consistent features of the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-22 András Horváth

Pooling is one of the main elements in convolutional neural networks. The pooling reduces the size of the feature map, enabling training and testing with a limited amount of computation. This paper proposes a new pooling method named…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Junhyuk Hyun , Hongje Seong , Euntai Kim

Following Coteaching, generally in the literature, two models are used in sample selection based approaches for training with noisy labels. Meanwhile, it is also well known that Dropout when present in a network trains an ensemble of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Lakshya

Dropout as a regularization technique is widely used in fully connected layers while is less effective in convolutional layers. Therefore more structured forms of dropout have been proposed to regularize convolutional networks. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Liqi Wang , Qiya Hu

Max-Pooling operations are a core component of deep learning architectures. In particular, they are part of most convolutional architectures used in machine vision, since pooling is a natural approach to pattern detection problems. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Alon Brutzkus , Amir Globerson

We propose DropMax, a stochastic version of softmax classifier which at each iteration drops non-target classes according to dropout probabilities adaptively decided for each instance. Specifically, we overlay binary masking variables over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Hae Beom Lee , Juho Lee , Saehoon Kim , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang