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Asymptotic methods for hypothesis testing in high-dimensional data usually require the dimension of the observations to increase to infinity, often with an additional condition on its rate of increase compared to the sample size. On the…
The major resolution-limiting factor in cryoelectron microscopy of unstained biological specimens is radiation damage by the very electrons that are used to probe the specimen structure. To address this problem, an electron microscopy…
A process that images or measures bond energies in the critical Ising model can be in distinct measurement ``phases'', depending on the precision of measurement. We study the transition into the strong-measurement phase using replica field…
Machine learning systems, especially with overparameterized deep neural networks, can generalize to novel test instances drawn from the same distribution as the training data. However, they fare poorly when evaluated on out-of-support test…
We present a parameter estimation technique based on performing joint measurements of a weak interaction away from the weak-value-amplification approximation. Two detectors are used to collect full statistics of the correlations between two…
Asymmetric systematic errors arise when there is a non-linear dependence of a result on a nuisance parameter. Their combination is traditionally done by adding positive and negative deviations separately in quadrature. There is no sound…
Scattershot photon sources are known to have useful properties for optical quantum computing and boson sampling purposes, in particular for scaling to large numbers of photons. This paper investigates the application of these scattershot…
Data assimilation refers to the problem of finding trajectories of a prescribed dynamical model in such a way that the output of the model (usually some function of the model states) follows a given time series of observations. Typically…
We show how to extrapolate an analytic function (or a smooth signal) by multiplying and dividing its values on geometric sequences that collapse to a point.
While sensitivity analysis improves the transparency and reliability of mathematical models, its uptake by modelers is still scarce. This is partially explained by its technical requirements, which may be hard to understand and implement by…
Machine learning-based anomaly detection methods are able to search high-dimensional spaces for hints of new physics with much less theory bias than traditional searches. However, by searching in many directions all at once, the statistical…
High-precision measurements of violations of fundamental symmetries in atoms are a very effective means of testing the standard model of elementary particles and searching for new physics beyond it. Such studies complement measurements at…
An $\epsilon$-approximate incidence between a point and some geometric object (line, circle, plane, sphere) occurs when the point and the object lie at distance at most $\epsilon$ from each other. Given a set of points and a set of objects,…
Anomaly detection aims to identify observations that deviate from the typical pattern of data. Anomalous observations may correspond to financial fraud, health risks, or incorrectly measured data in practice. We show detecting anomalies in…
Many measurements on soft condensed matter (e.g., biological and materials) systems track low-dimensional observables projected from the full system phase space as a function of time. Examples are dynamic structure factors, spectroscopic…
If supersymmetry is discovered at the LHC, the measured spectrum of superpartner masses and couplings will allow us to probe the origins of supersymmetry breaking. However, to connect the collider-scale Lagrangian soft parameters to the…
We consider self-avoiding polymers attached to the tip of an impenetrable probe. The scaling exponents $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$, characterizing the number of configurations for the attachment of the polymer by one end, or at its midpoint,…
The application of postselection to a weak quantum measurement leads to the phenomenon of weak values. Expressed in units of the measurement strength, the displacement of a quantum coherent measuring device is ordinarily bounded by the…
The methods currently used to measure azimuthal distributions of particles in heavy ion collisions assume that all azimuthal correlations between particles result from their correlation with the reaction plane. However, other correlations…
We develop a general method to "self-calibrate" observations of galaxy clustering with respect to systematics associated with photometric calibration errors. We first point out the danger posed by the multiplicative effect of calibration…